mojtaba-jafarvand

Awkward posture during work is one of the most critical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. A laptop desk fitting with users’ body dimensions plays a crucial role in maintaining proper posture and reducing musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to redesign and fabricate a folding ergonomic laptop desk for college students. In this experimental applied study, two hundred and seven college students were considered participants to design an ergonomic laptop desk and fifty students for posture evaluation. Six anthropometric dimensions were measured: height, the height of elbows in the sitting position, elbow-elbow breadth, the length and height of both knees in the cross-legged sitting posture, and the length of the elbow-fingers. Then, two best selling laptop desks were selected and the RULA method assessed laptop users’ posture. Finally, using students’ anthropometric dimensions (n=207), a new laptop desk was designed and built in 2017. The height of our designed laptop desk is adjustable (range of 20-28 cm), with a variable inclination of the desk (0- 34 degrees). It is possible to shorten or lengthen desk legs (48-72 cm), and a special plate of the mouse (19×46 cm) supports both elbows on the sides of the desk. RULA method showed action level 3, which required early change in desks 1 and 2. Applying user›s and expert opinions, measuring users› body dimensions, and applying those dimensions in design and construction can play a significant role in improving and correcting the laptop›s desks so that it could result in suitable posture in students.

Global Harmonized System (GHS), is a system for labeling chemicals. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of rapid training intervention on student’s awareness toward Global Harmonized System.
Material and This research was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study conducted among 317 students of Public Health and Allied Medical Sciences faculties of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016 year. Sampling was done in a random base among the study population. A general demographic and a global system labeling questionnaires were used for data collection. Training intervention for familiarization with the chemical safety labels, types of chemicals hazardous was implemented using a rapid training method and PowerPoint tool. Data analysis was performed by T-Tests, ANOVA and T-Paired using the SPSS version 18. Allied medical sciences students with an average of 48.31% before training and occupational health students with an average of 94.44% correct answers after the training have the highest awareness on global harmonized system (GHS). The findings also showed that training has a significant effect on the awareness on the international labeling system. The present study showed that initial awareness of the students is low concerning the global harmonized system. So, the prevention of serious accidents in the laboratory environment, the implementation of a short training course would play a significant role in raising students’ awareness about chemical hazards and will control unsafe behaviors during laboratory works.

The fitness of laptop desks (sitting cross-legged) with physical dimensions of users have important role in using with correct posture and reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fitness of anthropometric dimensions of students with best-selling laptop desks. In this study, 207 students (girls and boys) from Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were investigated. In addition to height and weight, anthropometric dimensions including; elbow height (sitting), elbow-elbow breadth, two knee length and height (sitting position cross-legged) and elbow-fingertips length were measured. Then percent of the fitness between the laptop desks with anthropometric dimensions obtained. Findings: The results showed that the two types of laptops desks fit only in the length of the desk. Two knee length and height (sitting position cross-legged), elbow - fingertips length and elbow height (sitting) fit in the desk number one 32.4, 98.5, 0, and 93.7% and in the desk number two 61.8, 0.96, 0.5, and 78.3% respectively. It had a 100% fitness only in length of the table with anthropometric dimensions of students between two types of laptop desks. However in terms of fitness, the desk number one with the highest percentage in three anthropometric dimensions was better than the desk number two.

Introduction and purpose: The sick building syndrome is a collection of neurological, stimulatory, respiratory, dermal, and sensory signs, which is caused by the physical and mental conditions of the working environment. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of the signs of sick building syndrome among the staff working at one of the educational and therapeutic centers in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at one of tertiary centers of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the summer of 2017. The population of the study consisted of a staff of 161 working at different sections, including emergency ward, follow-up services, operating room, cardiac care unit, intensive care unit. The standard questionnaire of MM040EA on sick building syndrome and indoor air quality was used to collect data. The results of the study were analyzed by employing the Chi-square and ANOVA tests (SPSS software, version 18) after the participants completed the questionnaires. The results showed that some of the symptoms of the syndrome, including dry skin (60.87%), headache (52.17%), fatigue (49.03%), and dizziness (45.34%), were more prevalent than other symptoms. The findings also revealed that the prevalence of the sick building syndrome does not significantly correlate with sex and occupational position. However, the frequency of the syndrome correlated significantly with the age (P=0.025), unpleasant odor (P=0.04), high temperature (P=0.033), and dry weather (P=0.032). According to the results of the current study, skin dryness and headache were the most common symptoms of the sick building syndrome among the staff. Therefore, the evaluation of air conditioning systems, ambient air humidity control, per capita increase in work space, and the use of sound insulation are beneficial ways to reduce the symptoms of sick building syndrome.

Body anthropometric dimensions are among the factors affecting the maximum oxygen consumption. This study aimed to predict maximum oxygen consumption based on anthropometric dimensions in medical emergency students.
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 56 medical emergency students from Qazvin University of medical sciences. Initially, physical activity readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was applied to ensure the full health of participants to inter the study. Maximum oxygen consumption measured using Gerkin treadmill test. Anthropometric dimensions were measured by tape measure, anthropometer and kolis. Obtain data was analyzed by Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regressions in SPSS 19 software.
The mean age of participants was 21.69 years. The mean of maximum oxygen consumption and mean of foot length estimated 4.17 L/min and 96.35 cm, respectively. There was significant correlation between the maximum oxygen with the anthropometric dimensions. Variables of dimensions of abdomen circumstance, foot length and leg circumstance predicted 63.7 percent of the maximum oxygen consumption.
The results indicated that the anthropometric dimensions are the factors affecting the maximum oxygen consumption among medical emergency student. So, it is necessary to be paid attention to anthropometric dimension in selection of students and matching between person capabilities with energy.

Although the expansion of innovation in the industry has led to an increase in the fast of works, production and productivity, it has also imposed an increase in the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. So, the aim of this study was determination the risk level of work posture by REBA and RULA method among workers of assembly line of a cosmetic manufacturing factory.
This study descriptive was carried out among the assembly line workers of a cosmetic manufacturing factory in 2016. Six tasks (including 28 work postures) were selected due to the most risk of inappropriate work posture factor. 18 postures were evaluated by REBA method and 10 postures by RULA method.
The results showed that the highest REBA score (score10) in the hair color manufacturing section and the highest RULA score (score 7) related to the oxidant and powder parts. The minimum score obtained by the REBA and RULA method was 5 and 4 (minimum 2 corrective action level), respectively.
To prevent musculoskeletal disorders and reduce the staff posture score in pouring materials into the mixer or reservoir of manufacturing hair color, oxidant and powder sections, corrective actions such as the use of a pump system for transferring materials to the reservoir and the use of an footrest to avoid lifting the load to a height above the shoulder are recommended.

Background & Objectives The Endodontic unit in dentistry occupation has a high sensitivity and any obvious or hidden human error can endanger the health of both the patient and the dentist.The aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate human errors using SHERPA technique in the Endodontic Department of Clinic of Dentistry Faculty in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from 26/4/2017 to 21/8/2017. The number of error per task was obtained using worksheet of SHERPA including: task code, job task, error type, error description, error consequence and risk level. At first, using hierarchical task analysis, steps of doing work in the unit were divided into tasks and sub-tasks and nine critical tasks were determined. Then, using SHERPA technique, types of errors were identified and their risk was evaluated.
A total of 148 human errors were identified in the Endodontic Department of Clinic. The highest error rate was in the tasks of examination and history taking with 35 errors, and the lowest error rate was on the task of anesthetizing with 7 errors. Among all the main tasks, the most frequent errors were of functional type at the task of the treatment plan (9.45%). Also, 52.63% of errors were related to the functional errors with an undesirable risk level.
The results of this study indicate that in order to reduce the occurrence of errors in the dentistry profession, it is necessary to take control measures such as using competent people, adjusting the number of patients with the number of specialists, balancing work hours and rest, and developing guidelines.

Introduction and Improper posture while working is one of the most important risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to assess the posture of students studying at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences when using the existing best-selling laptop tables using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method.
This analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male and female dormitory students in 2017. The study population was selected through stratified random sampling technique. The participants’ postures in two different work stations (tables number one and two) were evaluated by means of RULA method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using the independent sample t-test and ANOVA test.
According to the results, 36% and 46% of the students obtained scores of 3 and 4, respectively in case of table number one. Furthermore, regarding table number two, scores 3 and 4 were recorded for 48% and 44% of the participants, respectively. Therefore, tables number one and two were found to have 82% and 92% of level two corrective measure, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship was obtained between the demographic variables and RULA score (P As the findings of the present study indicated, table number one was a better case than table number two for fitting with different body structures since it allowed for the adjustment of the height and inclination of the work surface. However, corrective measures were necessary for both tables to provide the users with comfort, convenience, health, and productivity when using these laptop tables.

The increasing use of wireless systems in educational and administrative environments has caused concern People working in these environments about the physical and psychological effects of the waves on health. This study was conducted to assess public exposure to microwave emissions intensity of the wireless system (Wireless) Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
In this cross-sectional study, were measured the intensity of microwave radiation on 158 stations including the location of access points antennas, teachers room, meeting rooms, lecture classrooms, halls and nearby laptops in schools of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Wave intensity was measured using a wave control system (made in Spain) in accordance with standard procedures recommended by the National Institute of America IEEE C95.3. The effective intensity of exposure to microwave radiation emitted in the studied university was equaled to 0.121±0.437 μW/cm2 which was lower than the international exposure limits. Results also showed that there was a significant difference between the intensity of microwave with measurement points and Schools (pv