فهرست مطالب nasrin galehdar

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune chronic disease globally. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between fatigue severity and circadian rhythm sleep disorders among Iranian MS patients. 

The statistical population of this cross-sectional study included MS patients who were members of the MS Association in Khorramabad City, southwestern Iran. The sample size included 64 MS patients who met the inclusion criteria for the study and were selected through a simple random method. The study data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, fatigue severity scale (FSS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18 through the independent t-test and Pearson correlation test. The significance level was considered to be <0.05. 

Fatigue severity of 53% and 47% of studied patients were severe and weak, respectively. The mean scores of men’s fatigue severity and sleep disorders were significantly more than women’s (P=0.01, P=0.03, respectively). The Pearson correlation coefficient between circadian rhythm sleep disorders and fatigue severity scores was 0.33, which was significant (P=0.008). 

Sleep disorders and fatigue severity in the studied patients can be outcomes of MS or whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship between them. So, the sleep disorder aggravates the fatigue severity. If this relationship is confirmed in a randomized clinical trial, it can help reduce the fatigue severity in MS patients by treating sleep disorders.

 Pre-hospital emergency bases need appropriate equipment and facilities to provide appropriate and satisfactory services. Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted with the aim of comparing the status of pre-hospital emergency service in Khorramabad with the standard of pre-hospital emergency equipment determined by the Ministry of Health (latest edition).

 This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed in 2021. Census method was used for inclusion of participants from 13 urban and road pre-hospital emergency bases in Khorramabad. The status of the equipment was checked and determined based on the standard checklist. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 23 was used and analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

 The average score of medical equipment was 337 (48.4%), for non-medical equipment it was 28 (38.9%), and in total, pre-hospital emergency bases received only 365 points (48%) of medical and non-medical equipment standard. There was a significant relationship between the educational degree of the base manager and the average total score of the equipment (P = 0.025). Work experience of the base manager (P = 0.45), the employment status of the base manager (P = 0.796), the type of base (P = 0.524), and base age (P = 0.808) had no significant relationship with the mean total score of the equipment.

 The status of equipment in pre-hospital emergency ambulances is far from the standards and this factor can reduce the quality of pre-hospital emergency services. More attention needs to be paid to controlling the condition of pre-hospital emergency ambulance equipment.

Head lice is one of the most important factors for evaluating the level of personal hygiene in the society, and can cause physical, mental, and social problems in students. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological factors of head lice infestation and the factors affecting it in primary school students in Khorramabad City, Iran, during the years 2018-19.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, a total of 3890 primary school students were selected using mixed sampling method, and the data were collected using a questionnaire and direct search. The results were analyzed using independent t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of P < 0.05.

Infection rates were found in 148 students (3.8%), of which, 121 (5.7%) were girls and 27 (1.53%) were boys. Head lice infection had a significant relationship with factors such as gender, place of residence, occupation and education of parents, shared use of personal belongings, use of shared bed, hair length, itchy scalp, common use of mobile and tablet games, infection of other family members, the type of school, and the presence of a school health instructor.

Factors affecting lice infestation are almost entirely related to socioeconomic, cultural, and behavioral issues. Due to the significant relationship between many demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors, by controlling these factors and the necessary training, the prevalence of this infection can be reduced.

this study was conducted to review the related articles and draw a final conclusion regarding the application of reflexology for delivery (labor and cesarean section) pain management in woman all over the world.

In this systematic review, relevant articles were searched in Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Scopus databases from the year 2000 to 2018. All the human clinical trials that examined the effects of reflexology methods on delivery pain (labor or Cesarean section) were included and others excluded from the study.

All the 18 included original articles (with 1391 patients) reported that reflexology significantly reduces the pain of delivery, confirming its decreasing effect on labor, Cesarean section, and post-delivery pain. Results of all articles showed that, if true reflexology is performed on the right location of the body and at the appropriate time, the pain of delivery can be significantly decreased

Reflexology is an appropriate pain relief and prophylaxis for any kind of pain, especially delivery and post-delivery pain. It is a safe remedy with no adverse effects reported so far.

Designing healthcare spaces and physical facilities requires the identification of the patientchr('39')s family needs, and it is considered an important component of nursing theories. The aim of this study was to explain the needs of family caregivers of patients undergoing gynecological surgery for physical facilities and equipment in hospital.

This study is based on the results of the qualitative part of a large hybrid study on the development and implementation of a need-based service delivery program for the caregivers of patients undergoing gynecological surgery in 2017. The selection of participants was purposefully done with maximum variation. The study data were collected using 31 (16 caregivers, 6 nurses, 4 doctors, 3 patients and 2 service workers) in-depth interviews and observations and analyzed by the conventional qualitative content analysis using the Zhang and Wildemuth approach.

Data analysis led to the development of the theme "need for physical facilities", which fell into two categories "need for proper physical structure in the hospital" with the following subcategories: "need for care facilities behind the operating room door", "need to provide welfare facilities in the hospital for caregivers", "need for welfare facilities in the surgical ward", "necessity of allocating rooms to the similar patients", and category "need for appropriate hospital facilities and equipment" with subcategories "caregiver’s need for facilities and amenities", and "caregiver’s need for facilities and amenities for the comfort of the patient".

The results show the importance of having a physical structure tailored to the needs of family caregivers as well as the availability of appropriate facilities and equipment in hospital. One of the limitations of the study was preventing men from visiting patients in the women’s hospital. It is recommended that the needs of male companions and the necessity of their presence according to the cultural context be studied. Also, a new architectural design is suggested to create a suitable therapeutic environment and positive effect on patients’ improvement and increase patient and family satisfaction.

Surgery is one of the most common methods of treating many diseases which is known as an anxious experience for patients. Treatment of anxiety is important due adverse consequences in patients undergoing surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of non-pharmacological measures on patientschr('39') anxiety before surgery.

In this study, systematic review of information from databases, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Magiran, SID, Civilica, Iranmedex, with keywords anxiety, music therapy, massage therapy, education, counseling, aromatherapy, and non-pharmacological interventions from 2000-2020.

Out of 338 articles, 41 articles were selected and analyzed. These studies have introduced methods including educating and informing the patient, aromatherapy, massage therapy, listening to music and performing preoperative counseling as effective methods of non-pharmacological treatments for preoperative anxiety.

The findings show that the use of various non-pharmacological methods, especially massage, listening to music and aromatherapy to treat preoperative anxiety in patients is very effective and efficient and has a significant effect on reducing the anxiety of patients who are candidates for surgery. Also, the use of these methods reduces the use of sedatives and the side effects of their use.

Assessing how programs are implemented from the perspective of the learners themselves is one of the most effective ways to improve the quality of continuing education. The aim was to evaluate the implementation of in‑person continuing education programs from the perspective of nurses.

Setting of the study was the selected hospital of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Al‑zahra hospital). This study is a descriptive cross‑sectional one. Using a researcher‑made questionnaire, the implementation of continuing education programs in four areas of the aim, educational techniques, educational content, and educational field was evaluated. The sample consisted of 236 nurses working in these hospitals who participated in the study through convenience sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 19 using descriptive statistics.

Based on the results, “the need for new content learning” was mentioned as the first priority in continuing education programs. The majority of participants scored each of the following domains (aim, educational techniques, educational content, and education field) as well as all items related to the continuing education program evaluation as “moderate.”

Most nurses assessed the implementation of in‑person continuing education programs implemented in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in general and in each of the domains as “moderate.” Therefore, in order to improve the quality of programs, it is necessary to take steps to match the goals with the needs of learners, improve teaching techniques, improve the quality of program contents, and optimize the scope of the programs.

Cardiovascular disease is known to be the most important cause of death in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of cardiovascular disease and their risk factors in Khorramabad. This epidemiologic cross-sectional study was carried out on 280 patients who were admitted in heart units, coronary care units and heart emergencies of educational hospitals. The sampling method was the census method. Data were obtained from the checklist and included demographic information, different types of cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular risk factors. The most common cardiovascular disease was unstable angina (36.78), the first symptom of coronary artery disease was chest pain (67.8%), 62.85% were overweight or obese, 40.4%had a history of hypertension, 92.83% did not exercise, 147 (5.52%) were inactive, 72 (25/7%) had a history of smoking, 84(30%) had a family history of heart disease. Fifty-one (18/2%) had a history of narcotic use and the use of opium. According to the findings of this and other similar studies, the frequency of cardiovascular disease differs in terms of country and region, although they are total of high prevalence. Therefore, given the high prevalence of risk factors related to lifestyles including obesity and overweight, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, and smoking, planning education programs, screening and changing lifestyles seems to be necessary.

Patients’ perceptions of the quality of care can influence the quality of healthcare.

This study aimed to explore cardiac patients’ perception of a good nursing care.

In this cross-sectional study conducted from February to June 2017, 200 patients in 10 coronary care units of public hospitals of Lorestan province, Iran were selected by stratified random sampling. The revised form of Good Nursing Care Scale was used to measure the perceived quality of nursing care experienced by the patients. This scale contained 37 items and seven subscales responded through a five-option Likert scale. The data were entered into the SPSS software, version 21 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance.

The mean reported perception level was 2.81, which was relatively high. The highest level of quality was related to the nursing staff characteristics (M ± SD: 3.28 ± 0.90), while the lowest was related to the patients’ coping strategies (M ± SD: 2.37 ± 1.02). The results revealed a statistically significant difference in the patients’ perceptions of nursing care quality based on the place of hospitalization, having or not having the history of hospital stay, and information given about care and treatment.

From the perspective of the patients, the quality of nursing care was relatively high. Considering the findings of “the coping strategies” subscale and its importance in adapting patients to new conditions, it should be taken into account by the healthcare team. Additionally, the patients’ active participation in decision-making and effective interactions have to be considered in order to improve their coping with the disease.

Patients’ family members often do not receive sufficient information, especially because the reproductive system of women is considered a taboo, providing information becomes problematic. The aim of the current study was to explore the informational‑educational needs of companions of the patients who were undergoing gynecological surgery.
This study was conducted using inductive and conventional content analysis method. For data collection, 34 semi‑structured in‑depth interviews were performed at a gynecology and obstetrics center with purposeful sampling and maximum variation. The participants included patients’ companions, nurses, physicians, patients, and service personnel.
Qualitative content analysis extracted 8 categories, 2 main categories of “Informational needs of companions” and “Educational needs of companions” and a final theme of “the need for knowing.”
According to the results, “the need for knowing” is one of the most important needs of the patients’ companions during hospitalization. Knowing companions’ needs in the hospital and understanding its deficiencies would assist health care professionals, especially authorities, in providing high‑quality care and developing programs to meet the informational needs of patients’ companions.