فهرست مطالب negar heidari

Early childhood caries in childhood has a high prevalence. In the pre-school period, parents are the main providers of children's oral and dental health, so their participation can lead to the success of dental caries prevention programs. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of a health promotion program using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to promote the participation of mothers of preschool children in the fluoride varnish program. 

This research was an intervention study that was conducted based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model from 2021 to 2023 in the city of Kermanshah.  First, a qualitative study was conducted by selecting 20 mothers with a purposeful sampling method and using a semi-structured interview. Then, according to the results, an educational intervention was designed and the number of 88 mothers was selected as available. The data collection tool was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire and checklist, which was completed in two stages before and 2 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and analysis of covariance, generalized estimating equations, paired t, and McNemar tests and the significance level was considered equal to 0.05 in all tests.

The average age of mothers in the intervention group (31.84 ± 4.25) and in the control group (33.11 ± 4.26) years. The findings show the significant effect of educational intervention on improving the average score of predisposing factors from (75.31 ± 6.46) to (90.18 ± 3.50), reinforcement from (5.95 ± 0.98) to (7.88 ± 1.01), enabling from (19.11 ± 3.69) to (26.63 ± 1.94) And the frequency of participation of mothers from (13.63%) to (81.81%) in the said program 2 months after the intervention was compared to before And the intervention group had a significant difference in the average score of these factors compared to the control group (p<0.05).

The results obtained from this study show the positive effect of an educational program using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on the promotion of mothers' participation in the Fluoride Varnish Therapy program. Considering the comprehensiveness, flexibility, ability to evaluate and the commitment of this model to the principle of participation, it is recommended that the PRECEDE-PROCEED model be considered as a suitable solution for empowering and promoting people's participation in health programs.

The present study focuses on elucidating the effects of an eight-week combined turning exercise program on the physical performance of female students with Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and often associated with weaker muscle strength. Individuals with DS typically exhibit reduced muscle strength due to a lower percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers and a diminished overall number of muscle fibers.

In this semi-experimental clinical trial, the authors used purposive sampling to enroll 26 female students diagnosed with DS. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=13; mean age: 12.15±1.62 years, mean height: 139.23±8.94 cm, mean weight: 42.62±13.44 kg, mean IQ: 63.02±5.54) and a control group (n=13; mean age: 12.23±1.53 years, mean height: 141.15±10.31 cm, mean weight: 45.46±15.94 kg, mean IQ: 63.05±5.49). The authors evaluated muscle strength using a hand-held digital dynamometer, push-up test, long jump, and sit-up before and after the eight-week training period. The experimental group underwent a combined turning training program lasting 45-60 minutes daily, thrice a week, for eight weeks. We analyzed the data using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level set at p≤0.05.

The findings revealed a significant enhancement in physical performance among participants in the experimental group compared to those in the control group (p≤0.05). Specifically, the combined turning exercise program positively influenced upper body, middle body, and lower body muscle strength in female students diagnosed with DS.

The results of this investigation imply that incorporating combined turning exercises could serve as an effective strategy for enhancing muscle strength among female students diagnosed with DS. Integrating these exercises into rehabilitation programs tailored for individuals with DS may improve their physical performance and enhance their overall quality of life.

Tooth impaction refers to the failure of a tooth to properly emerge in its expected position within a given timeframe. Several local factors influence the occurrence of tooth impaction, one of which is the specific morphometric characteristics of the mandible. The objective of this study is to examine the association between these factors and the type of impaction observed in the mandibular third molar.

In this Cross-sectional study, 186 impacted mandibular third molar from patients with 20 to 30 years of age were evaluated. The mandibular third molars were categorized according to Pell and Gregory classification into A (third molar is at the same level as the occlusal plane of the second molar), B (third molar is between the occlusal plane and Cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the second molar) and C (third molar is below the CEJ of the second molar) groups. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of the data. The relation between gonial angle and ramus height with third molar impaction type was assessed using a Pearson correlation test.

The mean±SD for gonial angle in A, B and C groups were 121.05±6.33, 120.24±5.43 and 119.67±5.17 respectively. The mean±SD for ramus height in A, B and C groups were 58.51±5.01, 57.63±5.14 and 57.38±4.51 respectively. There was no significant relation between mandibular third molar impaction type and gonial angle and ramus height (P>0.05).

There was no significant relationship between the gonial angle and ramus height and the type of mandibular third molar tooth impaction according to Pell & Gregory classification as well as eruption and impacted state of mandibular third molar. The results of this study can be used by dentists to assess the difficulty of mandibular third molar extraction prior to their surgeries.

Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic diseases in people with intellectual disabilities, which leads to delays in motor skill. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of eight weeks of turning exercises on the motor skills in femaile students with Down syndrome.

In this semi-experimental research, 26 female students with Down syndrome were selected in an accessible and purposeful manner and then divided into experimental group (with an average age of 12.15 ± 1.62, height 139.23 ± 8.94, weight 42.62 ± 13.44 and IQ 63.02 ± 5.54) and control group (with mean age 12.23 ± 1.53, height 141.15 ± 10.31, weight 45.46 ± 15.94 and IQ 63.05 ± 5.49) were randomly paired. Before and after the training period, gross and fine motor skills was evaluated using Short form of Bruininks-Oseretsky test. The subjects of the experimental group underwent 24 sessions (each session lasting 45-60 minutes). Analysis of variance for duplicate data was used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings revealed a significant interaction in gross motor skills (P < 0.001, F = 113.60), fine motor skills (P = 0.040, F = 4.40) and composite score (P < 0.001, F = 68.56) in the experimental group compared to the control group. These results indicate that the implementation of combined turning exercises had a significant impact on enhancing the motor skills of students with Down syndrome.

According to the results of this study, these exercises can be used as an effective method to improve the gross motor skills of students with Down syndrome.

Parkinson's disease is one of the chronic neurological diseases. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's, affecting 7.5 million people worldwide and its rate is expected to increase by 20% by 2020. three symptoms of tremor, muscle stiffness and movement disorders are among the main diagnostic symptoms of the disease. The prevalence of Parkinson's worldwide varies between 18 and 418 cases per 100,000 people per year. It is generally estimated that the prevalence of this disease in the general population is 0.3%. A systematic review study was performed to determine the factors associated with Parkinson's disease.

This study was a systematic review that was conducted by searching national and international databases until February 2020. Initially, all articles which had mentioned Parkinson-related factors were collected and accepted by researchers based on studies. Entry and exit criteria were met. Exclusion criteria included irrelevant items, duplication of studies, unclear procedure, and lack of access to the full text of the study. To reduce bias, articles were evaluated independently by two researchers, and the quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist. All final articles submitted to the systematic review process were prepared by a template checklist. Checklists included article title, first author’s name, year of publication, place of study, risk factors, protective factors, and ineffective factors or the ones which their effects have not yet been determined, and the average age.

In these studies, the following risk factors were reported: family history, agricultural occupation, literacy, stress, well water consumption, aging, environmental factors, genetic factors, pesticide exposure, and alcohol abuse. On the other hand, factors such as smoking and oilseeds, high levels of B-complex vitamins, female estrogen hormones, and selenium have been reported to protect against Parkinson's disease.

Considering the results of the present study and although there is no definitive treatment for this disease, protective factors and risk factors should be seriously considered by health policymakers for preventive measures.

The present study aim was to investigate the feminist Ghazaleh Alizadeh point of views and examine the woman's image in her works. Feminist criticism was emerged as a serious, distinguished, and integrated approach in the European literature in the late 1960s, and its aim was identification of cultural roles and great achievements in acquiring women’s social and political rights. This method was developed in Iran in the beginning of 1960s by the novels written by Simin Daneshvar and continued by authors such as Shahrnoush Parsipour, Zoya Pirzad, and Ghazaleh Alizadeh. This study considered the feminist criticism of novels by Ghazaleh Alizadeh, and the women’s characterizations were analyzed with regards to content analysis. By reviewing these works, the readers would realize that Alizadeh has mainly exposed women to socio-political events after the Islamic revolution. With moderate viewpoints, she has criticized the solitude of women in the community, and by a mystic and theosophical approach, she has tried to highlight the roles and contribution of women in the social history of Iran.

Excitatory transmission through glutamate receptors is critical for cognition such as learning and anxiety. In the present study, the involvement of dorsal hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic receptor on anxiety-like behavior induced by inhibition of NMDA receptors was investigated. In this experimental study, 105 adult male rats weighing 200–250 g were used. The animals were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic device. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in elevated plus maze task. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. Our finding indicated that intra-CA1 administration of MK801 (2 μg/rat) and scopolamine (4 μg/rat) by itself increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries but did not alter locomotion. On the other hand, intra- CA1 co-administration of ineffective doses of scopolamine with ineffective dose of MK801 (1 μg/rat) did not alter locomotion activity but increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries. These results show that both NMDA receptors and muscariniccholinergic receptors not only play a part in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of rats but also demonstrate a complex interaction as well.