negin derakhshesh

Considering the crucial role of occupational health and social influence in the coastal waters of Khuzestan province, imparting environmental awareness to local fishermen proves to be a wise investment for the conservation and rejuvenation of aquatic resources. In our upcoming study, we examine fishermen's perceptions of the marine environment and responsible fishing practices, track changes in their attitudes after training, and identify their priority areas for training. Training sessions were conducted on approved topics and participants were administered a standardized test before and after the course. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used for data collection, following the model and including two dimensions: "subject importance" and "competency in the subject". Logistic regression was used to predict training effects on respondents' characteristics. Results highlight key educational needs for Abadan's fishermen, including understanding bycatch and its mitigation methods (Borich's need = 8.17), improving fishing tools and techniques (6.76), and Biometry and its applications (6.53). After the training course, participants' scores significantly increased from 34.5±9 to 49.85±17.2. Our results suggest that continuous education and increased information dissemination can promote environmental awareness in the fishing community

The resistance of cancerous cells to anti-cancer drugs is one of the most common problems in medicine and therefore, finding new anti-cancer compounds with the least side effects seems to be necessary. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-cancer potential of Padina gymnospora and Acanthophora spicifera, two native algae species of the Persian Gulf, in vitro. In this regard, methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts of both algae species were added to cultivated MCF-7 cells at different concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the toxicity effects of algae extracts on MCF-7 cells. DNA isolation and agarose gel electrophoresis were also performed to assess DNA fragmentation induced by these two algae species. Based on the MTT results, the sensitivity of cultivated MCF-7 cells to P. gymnospora and A. spicifera extracts was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The highest concentration of methanolic extract of both algae species significantly affected the MCF-7 cells and led to the highest cell death. Moreover, the IC50 of P. gymnospora and A. spicifera methanolic extracts for the MCF-7 cells were equal to 557.78 and 910.61 μg/ml, respectively, which indicates P. gymnospora has more cytotoxic activity and anti-tumor potency. The lowest concentration of all types of algae extracts was not considerably cytotoxic to cultivated MCF-7 cells. The DNA fragmentation of MCF-7 cells was increased with increasing the concentration of the algal extracts. The highest amount of DNA fragmentation caused by 1000 μg/mL of P. gymnospora and A. spicifera extract; however, methanolic extract of P. gymnospora caused more DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells than A. spicifera.

The liver is one of the most important organs of animals that know as a detoxifying and filtering toxin in the body and the most studies was used the target organ. In peresent study, hepatocytes were isolated from 8 immature grouper fish (equal to the number of male and female). Then, anesthetized fish and the head was separated from the body. The fish wiped with 70% etanol alchol. The liver was removed was cuted with scissors. Finally, the cells digested by collagen type 4. Then, the cells incubated in 30^C and 20% FBS+ITS during two weeks. The doses of pollutant (100 µM, 2*100 µM, 3*100 µM) added to samples, then were studied in 0, 6, 12 and 24 time. The morphological analysis exhibited that the cell death incubated by B[a]P polluted by concentration of 100 µm results in 50% of apoptosis cell death. Our finding from this study showed that using lower dosage of B[a]P during 24h treatment period cause inhibition of proliferation in time and dose dependent manner and higher doasage cause lysis and necrosis.

Gillnets are one of the most considerable passive fishing gears that are set vertically in the water, and the fish that swim towards them are caught. The process of catching through the net is mainly by stuck their operculum into the meshes. The principal mechanism of these nets is deception, based on making the fish indifferent to the danger (fishing gear). If these gears stay in one place for a certain period, they are called set gillnets and are the most remarkable tools in coastal (inshore) fishing. Anchored (set) gillnets are usually fixed in the seabed through massive metal anchors or set near the bottom and other water surfaces via a buoy and weight retention system. Due to the shallow water depth in the fishing grounds of Khuzestan Province, the use of anchored gillnets in the different deepness of setting the nets for catching various fish species, such as epipelagic (narrow-barred mackerel), benthopelagic (silver pomfret), demersal (fourfinger threadfin), and littoral (Liza) has long been customary. The most important results of replacing anchored gillnets with trawling for fishing will include improving the environmental situation, preserving commercial fish stocks, and the economic prosperity of the fishing community.

The health quality of seafood products can be a decisive factor to achieve business prosper and development of global marketing. For this purpose, the present study intends to determine the residues of florfenicol antimicrobial agent in the edible tissue (muscle) of Whiteleg shrimp reared in Bushehr Province’s farms.

50 Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were purchased freshly from 7 farms in regions Helleh, Delvar, Dayyer, Deylam, Sheef, Genaveh, and Mond of Bushehr Province. The samples from abdomen muscle kept at -18 °C until the residues drug tests were performed. The florfenicol concentration was measured through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

 The mean of florfenicol residues in Whiteleg shrimp muscle reared in Bushehr Province was significantly lower than the drug products evaluation standard value (1 μg/g).

Therefore, the daily consumption of the Whiteleg shrimp reared in this region has no health ban in terms of florfenicol accumulation.

Acquired immunity is reported only in vertebrates. However, nowadays, the available evidence shows that a kind of quasi-specific immunity and also an immune memory exists in crustaceans. This process is explained by several mechanisms, the most important of which are some humoral immune factors such as lectin and Dscam. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecules (Dscam) are kinds of pathogen-dependent molecules that are produced during exposure of some invertebrates to pathogens (antigens). Vaccine-like agents may be synthesized to act as activators and activate this immune mechanism in shrimp through antigens, and consequently, make a kind of immunogenicity. It is not as accurate as vertebrates’ immune system and the secretion of antibodies and can lead to relatively specific immunizations in crustaceans. Nevertheless, the corresponding immunization practically decreases the economic losses of the shrimp industry. Hence, we recommend the health management of the shrimp farms should not focus only on the production of specific pathogen-free larvae by relevant institutions or the implementation of biosecurity guidelines by farmers, but in order to prevent the infectious agents in shrimp farms, the novel solutions in this context should be developed.

Tidal waves are one of the most effective factors in nutrients transferring in sea ecosystems, and following that, on the production of aquatic stocks and their exploitation. Various lunar cycles highly impact the amount of capture, behavior, movement, feeding, reproduction, and migration of different groups of fish. This effect is especially considerable for fish that live at shallow depths, such as fishing grounds in Khuzestan Province in the Persian Gulf. Hence, in this analytical article, the effect of lunar months and tidal waves on the exploitation of aquatic stocks along with other influential factors such as seasonal variations, fishing gears, socio-cultural relations of fishermen, wind blow, food and their habitat preferences has been studied. This information can be beneficial for fisheries cooperative societies, especially in Khuzestan province, to have better efficiency by spending less money and energy; and in the field of fishing administration, the issuance of maritime licenses should be done more purposefully.

Liver is one of the most important organs in vertebrates that have important roles in detoxifying. The main purpose of the present study was developing appropriate methodology for the primary cultivation of hepatic cells from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides. In present study, hepatocytes were isolated from five grouper individuals. Initially, the fish wiped with 70% ethanol. Liver were removed and cut into small pieces with scissors and hepatocytes were disconnected using different enzymatic digestion with collagenase (Type 1 and 4) and trypsin and additional nutrient materials in culturing mediums. Then, cells were cultured for 2 weeks in Lebowitz L-15 under 3 1. Using enzymatic digestion by trypsin, 2. Using enzymatic digestion by collagenase (type 1 and 4) and 3. Using nutrients and additives was cultured. Finally, effects of different incubation temperature (20, 25, 28, 30 and 32 degree of Celsius) and Bovine serum content (0, 10 and 20% and 20%ℴ) on cell growth were estimated. According to the results, digestion by collagenase type 4, resulted in more cell colonization and growth in comparison with other methods.In conclusion, the best culture method for primary hepatocyte from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides., was using ITS%FBS under 30 degree of Celsius incubation temprature.

This research was carried out in four seasons from May 2009 to February 2010 in artificial reefs of Bahrakan coastal water.The samples were collected by SCUBA diving at depth of 12m by throwing quadrate (0.25×0.25m) randomly. Four stations selected for sampling. Comparison of sponge production in ARs was examined over one yr period. The highest production during the one year in seasons belonged to H. simulans and H. oculata:7.06 gAFDMm-2yr-1 and 6.75 gAFDMm-2yr-1, respectively and the lowest scale of production belongated to species Clathria sp. with 0.31 gAFDMm-2yr-1. So, in this study the production of stations estimated that the highest production stations belonged to H. simulans and H. oculata:46.22 gAFDMm-2yr-1 and 12.09 gAFDMm-2yr-1, respectively and the lowest production in stations belongated to species Clathria sp. with ratio of 0.32 gAFDMm-2yr-1. The results of relation between physicochemical properties of water and sponges biomass showed increasing of salinity in cold season increased biomass and vice versa decreasing of salinity in warm season decreased it in all species.

In present study, two natural antioxidant enzyme, catalase and superoxide dismutase, activities were compared in different conditions, in vivo and in vitro models, and weights (100, 500 and 900 g) in grouper Epinephelus coioides. After wiping the fishes with, the liver was removed and digested by collagenase type 4. Then, the separated cells were cultured in Lebowitz (L-15) medium and incubated at 30°C for two weeks. In the next stage of the study, three grouper in each group were used. According to the results, a statistically significant difference was observed between two models (P˂0.05). A significant correlation was also observed in the activity of antioxidant enzymes among weight groups (P˂0.05). Taken together, according to the results, despite the significant differences between them it was concluded that the in vivo and in vitro models are so similar; therefore, cell culture can be utilized in biological studies of antioxidant enzymes in liver as an alternative method to in vivo model.

Sponges are one of the most important resources in marine natural productions. Therefore، it is essential to study their reproductive biology for protection and management of these species in aquatic ecosystemes. Despite broad biological knowledge، the role of reproduction in the structuring and maintenance of sponge population is limited. For this purpose، we studied reproductive biology of sponge (Dysidea fragilis) over a year. Samples were collected by diving in artificial reefs (12M) in Bahrakan، located in Northwest of the Persian Gulf. The samples were fixed in methanol، rinsing in 70% ethanol and run through an alcohols and xylene sequence. Paraffin blocks were made and serial 5 μm microtome sections were stained with H&P. The sea water temperature appears to play a fundamental role in the sponge reproductive process. The results showed that the onset and progression of reproduction in Dysidea fragilis coincided with water temperature and photoperiod. Synchronized، spermatocyties and Oogenesis were present in the spongocell. Oogenesis and spermatocyties occurred from least autumn and the maximum sizes over the sampling period were 18. 24±8. 11 and 8. 47±5. 11 μm (mean±SE)، respectively. Maximum size in emberyo was 75. 302±0. 05. As sponges are now recognized as one of the richest sources of marine natural productions، understanding the reproductive biology of them is essential for the effective management and conservation of the organisms population.

Despite broad biological knowledge, the data on the role of reproduction in the structuring and maintenance of sponge population is limited. In this regard, the present investigation carried out to compare the histological structure of two sponge species with spicule (Ircinia strobilina Lamarck, 1816) and without spicule (Haliclona simulans Johnston, 1842). Sampling was conducted by diving in artificial reefs (12m depth) in Bahrakan (located in the north of Persian Gulf) using Scuba method. The samples were firstly studied macroscopically and systematically. The samples were then fixed in 70% methanol and then were run through an alcohols and xylene sequence and finally were embedded in paraffin. 5 µm thick tissue sections were prepared using rotary microtome and were stained with Hematoxiline-Fuchsin. Tissue sections were studied using light microscope. Finally, the order of sponge was identified using the kind of water canal system. It should be noted the elasticity property of sponge species, spicules presence or absence in samples, existence or lack of a spongin fibers throughout the tissue structure, were emphasized the sponge species. Moreover, maximum size of reproductive cells and their density in studied species were observed in autumn and winter (reproductive season of these species). In addition, some cell types, such as sclerocytes have only been observed in species with spicules that with regard to the role of these cells in spicule production, their existence and density in speculated species was logical.

Sponges are important components of the Persian Gulf animal communities. In this research، ecological characterization of the marine sponge، family: Haliclonidae (Haliclona simulans and Haliclona oculata) on Artificial Reefs (ARs) of Bahrakan in Northwest of the Persian Gulf was studied. Seasonal variations in biomass and productivity in two species of sponges were estimated. The sampling was carried out (from May 2009 to February 2010) by using SCUBA diving at 12m depth by throwing quadrate (0. 25×0. 25) randomly. 4 sites (A، B، C and D) were selected for sampling، one site were placed on old artificial reef (D) and three others on new artificial reef (A، B and C). Sponge production in ARs was studied over one year period. In both species، biomass peaks were found in February and March (Winter). The minimal production during the period of study was recorded in warm seasons. The average production for H. simulans and H. oculata was: 7. 01 gAFDMm-2yr-1، yielding P/B ratio of 0. 88 and 7. 39 gAFDMm-2yr-1، yielding P/B ratio of 0. 30، respectively. Chemical and physical factors (temperate، salinity and DO) of water in each season were measured and their relationships with biomass of sponges were compared. The results of relation between physicochemical properties of water and sponges biomass showed that the increase in salinity during cold seasons corresponded with increased biomass of vice versa.