s. fathi

Theoretical advances in research have provided the necessary basis for conceptualizing headache as a psychiatric physiological disorder, eventually leading to using behavioral and psychological treatments. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the pain severity and resistance in women with chronic headaches.

This study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest follow-up with the control group. Its population consisted of all women with headaches referred to the Governmental Neurological Clinic of Parsabad city in 2020. Thirty patients diagnosed with chronic headaches by a psychiatrist or neurologist were selected using purposive sampling and were randomly divided into three groups. The treatment groups received 8 sessions of 1.5 hours treatment specifically; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. The collected data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test.

The mean of pain severity and resistance in the pretest in the emotion-based therapy group, acceptance & commitment-based therapy group, and control group was 8.50, 43.00, 8.70, 42.10, and 8.40, 43.50 (p<0.816 and p<0.860), respectively. The results showed an insignificant effect of emotion-focused therapy (6.70, 59.80) and acceptance & commitment-based therapy (4.80, 66.30), compared to the control group (8.20, 42.80), in the posttest. There was a decrease in the pain severity and an increase in resistance in women with chronic headaches (p<0.001). The results also showed that the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the severity of pain and resistance in posttest and follow-up was more than that of emotional therapy (p<0.001).

Emotion-focused therapy and acceptance & commitment-based therapy reduce the severity of pain by increasing the resistance of patients with chronic headaches, thus being considered a useful preventive strategy.

Heat transfer in foams consists of conduction through solid and gaseous phases, convection within the cells as well as radiation through the whole medium. Radiation thermal conduction affects the overall thermal conductivity by 40% in a high porosity. Therefore, the investigation of that term seems to be necessary. Radiation thermal conduction depends on the extinction coefficient which its determination is experimentally complex. In this study, this coefficient is theoretically estimated using Glicksman model for polyolefin foams and is verified in comparison with the experimental data. Extinction coefficient which plays an effective role in the radiation thermal conduction depends on the morphological properties including foam and solid densities, cell and strut diameters. The results demonstrate that the radiation thermal conduction decreases by reducing cell size and increasing foam density and strut diameter. An L25 orthogonal array of Taguchi approach is used for optimization of radiation thermal conduction respect to foam density, cell and strut diameters as variable parameters. The analysis of variance results illuminate that foam density and cell diameter with 58 and 32% contribution are the most effective parameters on the radiation thermal conduction, respectively. At optimum conditions according to the prediction tool of Taguchi approach, the radiation thermal conduction significantly decreases to 1.0908 mW/mK.

In this laboratory study, the effect of increasing the surface roughness of heat transfer surface on the heat transfer coefficient in the pool boiling was investigated in two-part solutions of acetone and isopropanol with constant volume percent (% 30 acetone and% 70 isopropanol as well as solution of 70% acetone and 30% isopropanol). The experimental set up consists of an insulated glass cube, a bronze metal cylinder as a heat transfer surface, a pencil light bulb connected to auto transformer as a thermal source. The tests were carried out with four different roughness of the heat transfer surface. The range of heat fluxes is from 5.1 to 88 kW/m2 and in atmospheric conditions. The results show that by increasing roughness, the surface of the bubble production in the solution is increased, which leads to promote of mixing and, consequently, increase in the heat transfer coefficient. The optimal model with maximum overlapping with the experimental results revealed that the Vinayak model with a mean error of 15% has the least error, and Tome model with a mean error of 27% has the most error among other models.

The city is a collection of living and dynamic elements whose identity has fluctuated over time and transmitted to later periods. The city grows over time and interacts with citizens, and the city's mirror image is the image of citizens and the creator of the creative spirit of the inhabitants. With the onset of capitalism, and especially over the last two centuries, and the emergence of issues such as globalization, the form of production and lifestyle of the urban population have changed, and tissue changes and congestion in its current form have emerged. In recent decades, changing the concept of city content, increasing urban populations, and criticizing the lack of development and the development of low density cities, high-profile policies have been planned as a strategy for new approaches. The widespread use of this method gradually extended to residential areas in addition to economic uses such as industrial, administrative and commercial use, and extended to peripheral areas of the city. On the other hand, in a country like Iran, which has an old pattern in the field of architecture and urbanization, and the city is a set of homogeneous and homogeneous neighborhoods that, based on the appropriate relationships, form and ethnic, religious, occupational or territorial affiliations in a specific place of the complex They have been keeping their guides and authenticity for years; the rise of high profile activities has raised concerns and concerns over the past years, and these concerns can become serious and even critical issues. The methodology of this research is qualitative and its approach is descriptive and analytical. The purpose of this research is to promote and create social cohesion in high-rise residential complexes utilizing osteopenia elements and physical structure as the basis for implementation of urban design of base participation. By reviewing the texts of architecture and urbanism, it seems that some people believe that urban development of the present cannot be seen in the past urbanization and development of the past, but a group of contemporary experts have tried to use the legacy of architecture and urban planning in their works. Consistency and coherence are considered as one of the main criteria for the quality of urban spaces. Traditional and indigenous spaces were mostly of such quality. Nowadays, both practical and theoretically, urban spaces and science related to environmental design are facing a major challenge. In terms of data processing, Delphi's technique is based on its analytical model based on procedural unity in expert's opinions. The main result of this research is the extraction of the socio-social coherence criteria of the Iranian neighborhood from the perspective of experts and prioritizing these criteria to implement and establish the indicators of social and physical coherence with the urban design approach of participatory basis in high-rise residential complexes and promotion of participation and social status in these collections.

Abomasal ulcers are one of the most prevalent disorders of ruminants whichdepending on the type of ulcer, related clinical signs appear. The aim of this study, inaddition to the microscopic survey of abomasal ulcer prevalence in sheep consumingpasture forages, is to evaluate the effect of age, sex and warm climate on its prevalence.At the first step, 1562 abattoirs (including 468 rams and 1094 ewes) were examinedmacroscopically. The age of all rams and ewes was estimated orderly: less than 12months and more than 24 months as follow, which only 21 of them had the evidences ofaffliction. Furthermore for confirming the diagnosis, the taken samples were transferredto Pathology library. Results show that after microscopic inspections, which was apparentfrom those 21 cases, just 19 cases (14 ewes and 4 rams), 1.21 percent of total abattoirs,had abomasal ulcer types. All of 19 cases had all subtypes of type 1 abomasal ulcerswhich in addition, one of them had type 2 abomasal ulcers too. statistical analysis of thissurvey shown that, there was no relationship between the prevalence of sheep abomasalulcers with age, sex, warm weather and consuming pasture forages (p>0.05).

In this study a numerical method is developed to solve the Hammerstein integral equations. To this end the kernel has been approximated using the leastsquares approximation schemes based on Legender-Bernstein basis. The Legender polynomials are orthogonal and these properties improve the accuracy of the approximations. Also the nonlinear unknown function has been approximated by using the Bernstein basis. The useful properties of Bernstein polynomials help us to transform Hammerstein integral equation to solve a system of nonlinear algebraic equations.

The aim of this research was to study the factors influencing the work culture among female workers in the industrial sector of Abhar town. This study involved a sample of 130 female workers, selected through random selection, according to Cochran formula. The research method was survey and documentary research methods. A use was made of Queens’ work culture questionnaire and cards to collected data. To evaluate the hypotheses Pearson correlation analysis was performed. The results revealed that there was a correlated relationship between personal/personality factors, job-related factors, economic factors, cultural factors, and organizational factors and work culture. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that from among the independent variables cultural variables had the greatest significance.

The system of urbanization and its increasing growth tendency in developing countrieshas caused meny people to swarm towards cities and this, as a result, leads to theappearance of inflated service sector, expanded suburban life, hidden unemployment, anda binary social network of immigrants in cities. In other words, urbanization is one of themajor phenomena of the modern age leading to raising the issue of urban revolution in theworld. Also, urbanization in iranis on a dramatic increase.A basic principal in sociologyholds that every transformation and irregular change causes unexpected ramification. Thepattern of urban development in iran is single-city dominance and centeralized one. In thepast three or four decades, iran has undergone multiple booms namely oil boom,urbanization boom, and over population boom.Onther these circumstances, urbanizationwill be accompanied by many ramifications such as the spread of injustice, expansion ofsocial problems, increasing social heterogeneity, and precipitation of differnet social,economic and cultural crises.

This article deals with the social theories and analysis of the theoreticiansconcerning the global changes and the foundations of global system and the new worldorder. It also deals with different phases in the theories of future thoughts and thederived mechanism and analyses the urban space as a key issue in social order in theheart of social theories. It also depicts the theories of great theoreticians such asWallerstein , Lerner, Castells, Giddens on the cites emerging in the world community.

The foundation of a city is a social, economical and political organized phenomenon. Itrelies on the presence of basic circumstances, which were formed thousands of yearsago in the Stone Age. The agricultural revolution also played an important part as itsexistence was one of the reasons why wondering tribes began to station themselves.Early communities were formed around fertile grounds or on river banks, whichgradually formed villages and towns. Thus the agricultural revolution was turningpoint in human existence.Agriculture was the reason why migrant who were used to hunting, stayed in oneplace and thus establish the groundwork for the creation of later cities. Cities thatdeveloped quickly witnessed another revolution in the second half and the eighteenthcentury. The industrial revolution, changed lifestyles and standards of living, andquickly swallowed traditional and ancient cities, and drastically changed them tomodern industrial cities. This led to basis for a third type of revolution. After theSecond World War, the medial revolution influenced economic growth amonggovernments as well of non-governmental organizations, and life suddenly becamevery exciting. This paper is an attempt to explain some phenomenon such as electronicmigration, social electronic control, unification of home and workplace, internetfriendship and many other phenomenons which are the creation of globalization andthe advancement of technology.