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Runway crossing behind an aircraft has attracted a large amount of interest in recent years. In this work, based on a turbofan engine model, three-dimensional models of the nozzle and inlet are established, and the effects of the jet of the aircraft in front on the inlet of the aircraft behind are studied under different operating conditions using numerical simulations. The results show that at the same distance between the two aircraft, the total pressure decreases as the exit flow rate of the inlet increases, but different flow rates do not lead to different component distributions. For the same flow rate at the exit of the inlet, when the distance increases, the distortion index of the total pressure at the exit of the inlet decreases, and the contents of the component of the airflow entering the inlet from the jet decrease, but those entering the inlet from the far field increase. Through component and isotope identification, the main components of the airflow entering the inlet are oxygen and nitrogen. Based on these results, when studying the effect of the exhaust jet from an aircraft on an aircraft behind, only the maximum idle engine speed needs to be considered, and the effect of the jet components on the inlet can be ignored. The inlet distortion caused by the exhaust flow is more severe in crosswind environments.

In this work, to comprehensively analyze the flow field characteristics of a normal slot plasma synthetic jet actuator, three-dimensional simulation models are established for both normal slot and normal orifice actuators. A detailed comparative analysis of the three-dimensional flow field characteristics of these two actuators is performed. The results indicate that the motion shockwaves and jets generated by the normal slot actuator cover a larger and more uniform region, showing planar characteristics and excellent flow control uniformity. The total pressure ratio for the normal slot actuator is 3.59, significantly higher than the value of 3.50 for the normal orifice actuator, indicating lower pressure loss in the former. Additionally, the normal slot has a larger average exit Mach number (Ma), indicating a stronger flow control capability. It also achieves the peak Ma in a shorter time, indicating a faster momentum output response. Therefore, compared with the normal orifice actuator, the normal slot actuator has better potential for flow control.

Flow control methods have been gradually applied to improve the flow field characteristics of axial compressors. However, most of the current research is focused on the cascade, and few studies have taken a compressor as the research object. Therefore, a 3.5-stage transonic axial compressor is adopted to explore the characteristics of different flow control schemes. The effects of the micro-vortex generator (MVG), segmented boundary layer suction (BLS), and combined technology (COM) on the MVG and BLS are compared by the numerical simulation method. The research results are summarized as follows. The excessive accumulated low-energy fluid in the blade passage induces the occurrence of a corner stall in the last stage stator of an axial compressor. At this time, the compressor can still work, but the performance has accelerated deterioration. The flow characteristics are effectively improved when the MVG is introduced, the stall margin improvement ΔSM and the peak efficiency improvement Δηe of the last stage are 2.1% and 1.02%, respectively. Moreover, the BLS shows advantages in removing the three-dimensional reverse flow and decreasing the total pressure loss compared with the MVG, the ΔSM of the last stage is 2.69%, and the Δηe is 1.83%. When the combined technology is applied, it shows a significant advantage in delaying the occurrence of a corner stall, and the stall margin of the last stage is improved by 2.71%. Based on a quantitative analysis method using loss sources, the three flow control schemes show significant advantages in reducing the secondary flow loss sources and the wake loss sources. Above all, the BLS shows significant advantages in reducing the total pressure loss, and the COM shows an advantage in expanding the stable operating range. The research results will provide a reference for studies of flow control methods related to reducing flow losses and widening stability margins.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication in patients with head and neck tumors. RIBI usually occurs six months to three years after therapy and is often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction, epilepsy, and other neurological dysfunctions. In severe cases, RIBI can cause a wide range of cerebral edema and herniation. A systematic search was conducted through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases and articles with the keywords radiation-induced brain injury, pathogenesis and protective agents were collected. The commonly known pathogenesis of RIBI includes vascular injury, immune-inflammatory response, glial cell damage, and neuronal damage. Therapeutic agents, hyperbaric oxygen, surgery, and stem cells transplantation are the most common treatment for RIBI. Tamoxifen, curcumin, and quercetin can prevent glial cell activation, proliferation, and oxidative stress caused by irradiation. Over recent years, the RIBI remission rate has gradually increased; however, there are still no effective prevention and treatment methods. This review summarized recent progress in the treatment for RIBI, as well as the pathogenesis of RIBI, including vascular injury, glial cell injury, immune-inflammatory response, and neuronal damage.

To improve the compressor performances at variable conditions, in this research, we used numerical simulation software to analyze and discuss the effects of three kinks of a wavy blade-end on an axial compressor cascade. One of the wavy blade-ends was a traditional structure with a wavy leading edge and a trailing edge (WBE_P). The other two wavy blades were new structures with a straight trailing edge and a wavy leading edge (WBE_R, WBE_S). The difference between WBE_R and WBE_S was that the blade profile used to form the wavy blade was different. For WBE_R, we obtained the wavy leading edge by rotating the element at different heights, and the trailing edge was the center of a circle. For WBE_S, we obtained the wavy leading edge by using a new element with a different camber angle. Because of the new geometry involving some discussions of a variety of parameters, we further discussed the geometric parameters and structure to guide the design and optimization of the blade. We drew some conclusions at the stable condition (6° incidence). For the first case (WBE_P), when the wavelength of the wavy blade-end was increased to 0.3 times the blade height, the total pressure loss was enhanced. When the wavelength was 0.2 times the blade height, the amplitude was 0.06 times the pitch, the minimum area of blocked range (Ab) and the total pressure loss coefficient ζ could be obtained, and the ζ and Ab were decreased by 5.49%, and 12.72% compared with the baseline. Furthermore, to weaken the influence of changed blade profile on the exit airflow angle, we proposed WBE_P and WBE_R with new structures. We further improved the flow-field characteristics of WBE_P by WBE_R, and the ζ and Ab decreased by 5.84% and 13.79% compared with the baseline. Additionally, the stall point was delayed from 7.5° to 7.7° incidence. Therefore, the wavy blade-end applied in the leading edge had a greater contribution to improving the flow characteristic, and the straight trailing edge was beneficial to maintaining the exit flow angle. WBE_S with a smoother blade surface did not show an advantage compared with WBE_R. WBE_R with a wavy blade-end leading edge and a straight trailing edge showed an advantage in improving the cascade performance, which was suitable for use in the stator from the last stage of a high-load axial compressor.

Roasting is the common shape of pistachio nuts processing and the purpose of this process is to increase the total acceptability of products. The aim of this study was the effects of hot air roasting temperatures (90, 120 and 150°C), times (20, 35 and 50 min) and air velocities (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m/s) on textural attributes (fracture force, hardness, apparent modulus of elasticity and compression energy) and stress relaxation behavior of pistachio kernels. Increasing the temperature of roasting decreased the fracture force (from 71.95 N to 43.10 N), hardness (from 78.15 N to 47.22 N) and compression energy (from 235.61 J to 130.80 J) of pistachio kernels (P0.05). Increasing the temperature, time and air velocity of roasting decreased the apparent modulus of elasticity (P

Functional Gastro Intestinal Disorder (FGID) is common disorder that has influence on all aspects of life. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in these patients
In semi-experimental study, 30 women having FGID disorder were selected by inconvenience sampling and participants completed quality of life (SF-36) among women who referred to Isfahan Health Central Clinic, then experimental group received 8 sessions of treatment was based on acceptance and commitment. Data were analyzed by Covariance with SPSS software.
Result of analysis showed that there is significance differences between two groups in quality of life (F=12.87). This treatment also have had significant effect on the quality of life including physical function (F=30.38), role limitations for physical reasons (F=61.29), role limitations for emotional reasons (F=17.44), exhilaration (F=15.02), mental Health (F=9.3), social function (F=12.15), somatic pain (F=34.83), and general health (F=18.9) (p Acceptance and commitment therapy can improve the quality of life in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and also can be used as treatment plan for these patients.

The aim of this study was to determine common factors and specific factors of anxiety and depression disorders are based on temperament and character components in Consigner’s model. The study sample included 313 patients who were selected by random sampling. Data from this study, using questionnaires temperament and character Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory and Social Phobia Inventory were collected. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was used. Results from Structural equation modeling showed that Harm Avoidance factor has a significant relation with all anxiety symptoms also with Depression. Furthermore Harm Avoidance is the predicting factor for all Depression and Anxiety disorders. Results also showed, there is significant relation between Self-Directedness and depression. Moreover, structural model results showed that low Novelty Seeking is not specific factor for OCD and social phobia. The results showed that Harm Avoidance is common factor between anxiety and depression disorders and primarily is responsible for the observed overlap between these disorders. On the other hand, Results indicated that Self-Directedness factor is specific features of depression.

The present study explored the flora of the watershed in Ab-barik area of Rigan city in Bam, which is located between 58-23 E to 58-43 E and 28-24 N to 28-34 N. The area of the watershed is 364.64 sq km (i.e., 364 hectares) and the altitude from the sea level is 700 1500 meters. The average annual rainfall is 100 mm. With regard to plant geography, this region is located within Irano-Turanian vegetation region. The rare species were identified and their geographical distribution and biological forms were studied. Generally speaking, 134 families, 107 genera, and 49 plant species were identified and collected, of which 15.6 percent belonged to Irano-Turanian region. The results indicated that 77% of the vegetation properties of the region was Irano-Turanian, 15% was Irano-Turanian and desert-sandy, 4% was desert-sandy, 3% was Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean, and the remaining 1% was of other properties. The high percentage of Irano-Turanian properties may be attributed to the distance of the region from the other vegetation areas. With respect to the number of species, Asteraceae with 20, Papilionaceae with 15, Boraginaceae with 10, and Lamiaceae with 7 species were the most common ones analyzed. The life forms of the studied plants were categorized as: Therophytes (31%), Hemicryptophytes (26%), Chamaephytes 21%), Phanerophytes (20%), and Geophytes (3%). The biological form of the plants is indicative of desert areas in which Therophytes are the most common form. The frequency of the Therophyte species relates to the elevation of the region and the severe and apparent damage caused by overgrazing and deforestation.

Bread is the main source of a large part of the energy, protein, minerals and vitamins required by humans. Aloe Vera is one of the oldest medicinal plants that beside of fiber, minerals, vitamins, amino acids and natural sugars, have antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant Therefore, its use helpful for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimers, heart disease, digestive problems. This study examined the effect of addition of aloe vera powder in quantities of 1, 3, 6and 9% (w / w based on flour) on the quality of Barberi bread, as well as changes in microbial, texture, color and water absorption properties of bread within 72hours in order to produce the functional bread. The results showed that the adding of aloe vera powder, causing controlling the activity of microorganisms and mold and yeast, increase swelling power and reduce staling the bread. However, volume, brightness, Points smell, taste and the ability to chewing has declined. In general, investigation of breads characteristics in this study showed that the adding powder of aloe vera until 1%, causing improve the quality of shelf life and increase the healthly value of Barbari breads that is produced.

Titanium dioxide is widely used in the manufacturing of paints, varnishes, lacquer, paper, paperboard, printing inks, rubber, floor covering, and ceramics and so on. White titanium dioxide pigment has been produced by two main processes. The sulfate and the chloride processes. Each of these two routes requires different feedstocks. However, economic and environmental pressures are shifting the world balance of titanium dioxide production away from sulphate based manufacture towards the more cost effective and cleaner chloride route. According to usage of titanium dioxide, the nano sized TiO2 was produced by the sulfuric acid and hydrocholoric acid leaching by using Sonochemical technique during the leaching process. No adding extra materials and no milling after precipitate, no vaporization during the leaching are advantages of this work which reduced the processes of leaching. All of determination techniques of particle size (Zeta Sizer, XRD, SEM, and TEM) prove this matter. The particles sizes of nano TiO2which was leached by HCl and H2SO4 are 83 and 85 nm respectively.

The Metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder was developed to explain cognitive processes associated with pathological worry، particularly the role of positive and negative beliefs about worry. In this study exploring the efficacy of Metacognitive therapy on generalized anxiety disorder were proceeded. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group. From all generalized anxiety disorder patients visited in Mashhad psychological clinic، 20 patients were selected through the availability sampling method and randomly were placed into two equal experimental and control groups. Participants were selected using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV based on disorders axis I. Experimental group experienced 9 weeks of Wells’ Metacognitive therapy، while control group were just followed. Beck anxiety inventory، Metacognitions questionnaire and Metaworry questionnaire were used in pre-test، post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of this research showed that the means of anxiety، Metaworry and subscales of Metacognitive beliefs in Metacognitive therapy were reduced significantly in comparison with control group. The results of this study are congruent with other researches in this domain and were indicative of efficacy of Metacognitive therapy on generalized anxiety disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and rumination with worry on student population. This research is fundamental and descriptive research that has done in the shape of a correlative design. A sample of population consisting 152 students were selected randomly from the students in Payam e Nour University, Talesh Branch. They answered the Pennsylvania state worry questionnaire, the intolerance of uncertainty scale (Fryston et al, 1994) and rumination scale (Nolen-Hoeksema and Maro, 1991). Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results showed significant positive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and rumination with worry)P<0/01). Also, a significant positive relationship found between intolerance of uncertainty and rumination)P<0/01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the variables of intolerance of uncertainty and rumination could explain for 30 percent of worry. Realizing the cognitive variable of intolerance of uncertainty and rumination can be supposed as an effective element in the treatment and decline of worry.

The aim of present study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on panic disorder. One patient with a history of panic attacks that enrolled for outpatient psychiatric treatment in the waiting list of a hospital was selected via convenience sampling. Research design was conducted as a case study with a multiple baseline design. Data were collected using Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis (SCID)، Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Session by session in baseline، treatment and follow up stages، scores were obtained and compared together by percentage improvement and graph presentations. The result of this study showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a positive effect on panic disorder and improvement percentage for patient was obtained 72/4، and this effect remained during follow up stages. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective therapy for reducing of panic symptoms.

The present research was conducted to study the effect of cognitive behavioral play therapy on reducing symptoms of students in grade 3 in primary school with oppositional defiant disorder in Isfahan. This was an experimental research، and a pre-test، post-test، follow-up and control group design was applied. By using multistage cluster sampling، 30 third-grade students with oppositional defiant disorder were selected randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. In order to measure symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder of children''s، SNAP-IV Rating Scale was completed by parents. The experimental group received cognitive behavioral play therapy for 12 one-hour sessions. For statistical data analysis، variance analysis with repeated measures is used. Results indicated that there is a meaningful difference between the rate of symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in both control and experimental group in post-test and follow up stages. Results of this research showed that play therapy is effective on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in students and can be used as an effective intervention to eliminate or decrease oppositional defiant behaviors.

In order to determine of potential forage productivity of cold – region alfalfa ecotypes and introduce superior ecotype for each location، this experiment was conducted with 17 ecotypes in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication in 5 locations include Karaj، Esfahan، Tabriz، Mashad and Hamedan for 4 years during 2004-2008. Significant differences were found among total mean of fresh، dry forage yield، plant height in harvesting and leaf to stem ratio among tested locations. However، ecotypes have significant differences for fresh and dry forage yield. Also for all traits except dry forage yield، significant differences were found among three years. Interaction effects were significant especially for yields. Regarding to results، Esfahan with 124. 76 and 27. 25T/ha for fresh and dry forage yield was the best location corresponding to forage productivity. Three superior ecotypes corresponding to fresh and dry forage yield، plant height and leaf to stem ratio in all locations and years were as follows: Silvana، Galebani and Rahnani with 67. 63، 67. 22 and 66. 98 T/ha for fresh forage yield، Ghahavand، Kozareh and Silvana with 18. 69، 18. 47 and 18. 44 T/ ha for dry forage yield، Galebani، Silvana and Sahandava with 72. 06، 70. 00 and 69. 70 centimeter for plant height in harvesting and Silvana، Sahandava and Malek-kandi with 1. 04، 1. 02 and 1. 02 for leaf to stem ratio respectively.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group on increase of subjective well-being and hope of Patients who were suffering from multiple sclerosis. This study was semi-experimental along with experimental and control groups. First، sampling method as a public meeting was held between women and girls who were the members of the multiple sclerosis association of Yazd. Next، volunteers were randomly divided in two experimental and control groups. The subjective well-being and hope questionnaires were completed by patients in pre-test stage. Then، MBCT sessions were held for participants in the experiment group during 8 sessions in multiple sclerosis association of Yazd. In the eighth session، was asked patients to complete mentioned questionnaires again. For analyzing، data was used descriptive statistics and single-variable analysis of covariance. Finding showed that the average of subjective well-being scores and hope of experimental group in comparison with control group increased significantly. These results show that MBCT is efficacious on increase of subjective well-being and hope of multiple sclerosis patients.

The aim of present research was to compare cognitive variables fear of pain, pain catastrophizing, catastrophic cognition and also childbirth attitude in private and public hospitals. Participants were 300 pregnant women from private hospitals who were matched on the basis of the age, level of education, previous number of deliveries and previous number of cesarean variables. Three questionnaires of fear of pain (FPQ) and catastrophic cognition (CCQ) and childbirth attitude (CAQ) as well as scale of pain catastrophizing (PCS) were administrated. Results showed significance differences for variables "fear of pain", "catastrophic cognition", childbirth attitude " in two groups, while no significant difference were observed for another variables. These results suggest that variables fear of pain and catastrophic cognition are important cognitive factors in the increase rate of cesarean labor in private hospitals. Indeed, fear of pain, catastrophic cognition could increase the risk of unnecessary cesarean in pregnant women.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common and challenging manifestations of pain in adults. Meanwhile psychological factors are considered important in development and continuing of physical disability and functional limitations of patients with CLBP. The aim of this research was to determine the psychological factors related to physical disability in patients with CLBP. The present study having a cross-sectional design and was from type of correlational which 279 (81 men, 198 women) eligible CLBP patients more than 3 months (with the mean age 42.44 ±11.77 yr) which patients were refered to Specialized and sub-specialized Neurosurgery Clinic of Poorsina Hospital in Rasht were selected by non probability and consecutive sampling. All patients completed questionnaire of demographic and related low back pain information at the beginning and then they were evaluated by Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), coping strategies questionnaire, catastrophizing subscale (CSQ-CAT), Stanford Depression Scale (CES-D 10) and pain self-efficacy scale. Correlational analyses indicating significant association between physical disability and all predictive factors. The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that psychological factors significantly explained 52% of the variance of physical disability. In the full model higher levels of self-efficacy beliefs, pain intensity, education, and pain-related fear the composite score of values gained from the two scales of catastrophizing and Kinesiophobia, significantly contributed to the prediction of higher levels of physical disability. The findings showed that, regardless of demographic factors, there is a relatively strong relationship between psychological factors and disability. Thus, clinicians must be aware of the powerful effects of self-efficacy, pain-related fear, pain intensity and patient awareness of the health of their spine to reduce disability and managing CLBP patients. Some clinical implications and research guidelines obtained from these results are discussed for prevention and control of physical disability in these patients.

Some physical properties such as geometrical, gravimetrical, frictional and aerodynamic features of seeds of Desi chickpea and its splits were studied at a moisture content of 8.2 and 9.0% w., respectively from north-western of Iran. Geometrical and gravimetrical properties including the average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean of diameter, sphericity, 1000-seed weight, unit weight, bulk density, true density, porosity and volume of samples were measured. Results showed that amounts of bulk density, true density and porosity calculated for seeds of desi chickpea were higher than those obtained for its splits. Furthermore, frictional properties of samples such as emptying and filling angles of repose and static coefficient of friction with respect to five surfaces (glass, fiberglass, rubber, galvanized iron and polywood) were determined. The least static coefficient of friction for both samples was allocated to glass surface. In the case of seeds of Desi chickpea, polywood had the greatest static coefficient of friction, while for its splits, fiberglass was the highest. Terminal velocity for splits was greater than those measured for seeds of chickpea.

Soft green hull (endocarp), branche, leave, remaining kernell and wood shell are by-products of the fresh pistachio processing industry. The most major waste of pistachio processing is green hull (more than 60 percent). Pistachio green hull is also a promising source of protein, fat, mineral salts and vitamins and is one of the richest source of antioxidant and phenolic compound. In this research, the effect of different levels of pistachio green hull (40 to 60 percent) and pectin (0 to 0.4 percent) on the chemical properties (brix, pH, acidity, total soluble solid and total pectin) sensory characteristics (color, consistency, taste, firmness, adhesiveness, spreadability, overal acceptability) and image parameters (intensity, hue and saturation) of pistachio green hull marmalade investigated. The results of chemical and sensory properties showed that increasing the pistachio green hull caused increase in acidity and firmness, while decreased color, consistency, spreadability and overal acceptability (P<0.05). The increase of pectin led to increase of firmness (P<0.05). Increasing the percent of pistachio green hull and pectin on other characteristics were not significant (P>0.05). Results of image processing showed that increasing the percent of pistachio green hull and pectin on color indexes were not significant (P>0.05).

Individuals with social phobia suffer from both cognitive distortions and social avoidance and perform poorly in using the appropriate social skills. Thus, the present study aims at studying the combined effect of the Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and Social Skills Training [CBGT+SST] on Social Avoidance [SAD] and Fear of Negative Evaluation [FNE] in students. This study is an Experimental type [Pre-test and Post-test, with Control group and random assignment].The clients were subjected to structured clinical interviews according to DSM-IV and social anxiety inventory. They were assigned randomly into Experimental groups [intervention of combining Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy And Social Skills Training] and the Control group [Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy] by using convenient sampling method [13 persons in each group]. After a 12-session treatment [three months, each session being 2 hours], the social anxiety inventory was repeated as a post-test in both groups. The results of the statistical analysis of t test shows that, a combination of the cognitive behavioral group therapy and social skills training in comparison to merely cognitive-behavioral group therapy would significantly reduce Social Avoidance and Fear of Negative Evaluation in students. It is recommended that social skills training be added to common treatments of social phobia.