sajad basharpour

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a course of practicing motor games based on Montessori theory on the fine and gross motor skills of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 

 The present research was quasi-experimental. This study was done using a pretest-posttest design on 30 male students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. They were randomly divided into the control (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.4 years) and experimental (15 students with a mean age of 8.1±0.5 years). Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were diagnosed and found appropriate by psychiatrists. They were also assessed using the Conners’ parent and teacher rating scale questionnaire, whose validity and reliability in Iran were found to be 81%, using the Cronbach method. Then, through the Lichen-Ozeretsky motor adequacy test, both groups were assessed, and the experimental group received motor games based on Montessori theory for 12 weeks (three days per week). Covariance analysis was used to analyze the obtained data. 

The results of covariance analysis indicate a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The subtests of strength (P<0.008), balance (P<0.001, F=31.97), 2-way coordination (P<0.001, F=21.32), motor vision control (F=94.15, P<0.001), agility speed (F=82.5, P<0.023), and response speed (F=10.22, P<0.003) were different between groups.

The study’s results showed a significant improvement in strength, balance, 2-way coordination, motor vision control, response speed, speed, and agility after the training period. Therefore, using this training program in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is recommended.

Poetry therapy is a type of creative art therapy that uses poetry and other stimulating forms of literature to achieve therapeutic goals and personal growth. Positive and negative symptoms have been reported to be effective both in controlling and treating schizophrenia patients, and non-pharmacological interventions are necessary to reduce these symptoms. One of the new non-pharmacological interventions in this field is poetry therapy, therefore, the present research has been investigated with the aim of its effectiveness in a group on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. This study was conducted as an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included patients hospitalized in the treatment and rehabilitation centers of Ardabil city. Among these people, 22 people were selected by cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Eleven group poetry therapy sessions were conducted for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to collect data and the data was analyzed by univariate analysis of variance on SPSS-22. The results showed that after controlling for the pre-test effect, the average post-test scores of the experimental group subjects in positive symptoms, negative symptoms were lower than the scores of the control group subjects (P<0.05), which indicates The effectiveness of group poetry therapy intervention was. This study showed that group poetry therapy is effective as a non-pharmacological treatment on chronic schizophrenic patients and can be used by clinical specialists in treatment centers.

Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children. Finding treatments to improve these people is scientifically important. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motor games based on Montessori theory on external forces on the body in children with attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder while walking.

This study was a clinical trial. 30 boys with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder were randomly divided into two groups of control (15 people, age: 8.1 ± 0.4 years) and experimental (15 people, age: 8.1 0 0.5 years) Were located. Forces on the soles of the feet (Ground reaction forces) were recorded during walking before and after 12 weeks using a force board device. The training program consisted of 12 weeks (three sessions per week) including movement games based on Montessori theory. For statistical analysis, a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. Analysis was done by SPSS software (version 16) at a significant level of 0.05.

The findings of the present study showed that the peak component of the reaction force in the internal-external direction during the pushing phase (P = 0.001) decreased significantly by 19.72%. The peak components of the reaction force in the anterior-posterior part decreased significantly during the post-test compared to the pre-test in the heel and pushing contact phases by 28.11 (P = 0.003) and 25.39 (P = 0.006), respectively. The negative peak component of free torque showed a significant decrease during the post-test compared to the pre-test in the experimental group (P = 0.001).

In general, due to the reduction of negative peak free torque values, it can be said that Montessori-style movement games can reduce torsional loads on the body during walking.

Social anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders that restrict the abilities of the affected people and cause various problems for them in social and performance-related situations. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of self-acceptance group therapy (SAGT) on students suffering from social anxiety.

This interventional study employed a pretest-posttest design with one control group and a one-month follow-up. The research population consisted of all students with social anxiety who were studying at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili during the academic year 2018-2019. Thirty-six students were selected based on their scores on Conor’s Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and information from structured interviews and were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group (each with 18 members). The participants in the intervention group attended ten self-acceptance training sessions, but the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition to the post-intervention assessment, the participants in both groups underwent a one-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples  t-test via SPSS software (version 22).

The results showed that self-acceptance group therapy (SAGT) reduced social anxiety in the intervention group at the posttest and follow-up stages. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in social anxiety reported by the members of the control group at different stages.

The findings of this study confirmed the results of previous studies and has provided the preliminary basis for the use of this treatment. Future studies can further explore the effectiveness of this technique in coping with different issues.

First degree murder as a dangerous social phenomenon can threat the safety of society and families. Examination its origins and effective factors can be helpful to prevent the broad prevalence of this destructive phenomenon. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the emotion control and executive functions between criminals and none-criminals.
This was a casual-comparative study. The statistical population consists of all first degree murdered criminals habituating in Yasouj prison in 2015-2016. 40 persons among the prisoners, were selected by using available sampling method and 40 persons of normal people participated in the study based on normal matching method. In order to collect data, emotional inhibition and executive functions questionnaire were used. The collected data were analyzed by using multivariable variance analysis test.
Findings: The results of multivariable variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the mean score of emotional inhibition and executive functions in people who committed first degree murder and none-criminals.
the present research showed that the criminals who committed first-degree murder acquired higher scores than control group in emotional inhibition and executive functions scales, therefore, it’s necessary to investigate these factors. Through knowing aforesaid factors, criminals’ families and all of related organizations which involved in maintenance and rehabilitation of criminals gain more knowledge and thereby can help criminals in restoring inhibitory ability, cognitive flexibility, self-sustaining, emotional inhibition and accommodative strategies by using educational programs and related mental treatments (individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy and social counseling). Also, in order to prevent committing crimes in society, it seems necessary to begin the related educations to control crime in early ages in schools and educational centers.

This study aimed to compare dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive flexibility between women with and without a history of divorce. The study population included all women who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Gilangharb due to divorce and the resultant financial problems. A sample of 40 people as the statistical sample and 40 people with no history of divorce as the control group who were selected through simple random sampling. The design of the study was causal-comparative. Weissman & Beck (1978) Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and Dennis, Vander, Wal (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were submitted to multivariate analysis of variance( MANOVA). The results showed that the mean scores of divorced people in dysfunctional attitudes was significantly higher than those without a history of divorce, (F= 66.12 , p > .001), but with regard to cognitive flexibility (F=94. 8 p < .01) and its subscales, i.e., perceived control (F=12.14 p < .001), the perception of several solutions (F=21.6 , p < .01) and perception briefings (F=81.3 , p < .05), the mean scores of the women with a history of divorce were significantly lower than those without a history of divorce.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the sets of individual’s reactions following exposure to an extreme stressor. The aim of this study is to compare the meaning of life, suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions between women who experience PTSD after trauma and women who does not experience PTSD after trauma. For this purpose, during a comparative study, 200 women who had been exposed to traumatic events in Gilane Gharb were selected by simple random sampling method and allocated into two groups (with and without PTSD symptoms) based on clinical interview and the cut off point of 107 on the scale of post-traumatic stress disorder. All the subjects in both groups were individually evaluated for meaning of life, suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the mean scores of subjects with PTSD were significantly lower than the other group in cognitive distortion and meaning of life and its subcomponents such as; the meaning present in life, and the search for meaning in life; however, it was significantly higher in suicidal thoughts and its subcomponents including; tendency to death, preparation for suicide, and suicide completion tendencies. Given the importance of meaning in life, suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions among PTSD patients, it is critical to prioritize these topics in therapeutic interventions and derive a formulation to reduce suicidal thoughts and cognitive distortions in order to increase mental health among patients.