sayedali mousavi

Snakebite incidents are a serious concern. approximately 5.4 million snakebite incidents occur worldwide annually, resulting in 125,000 deaths. This study focused on epidemiological surveys and modeling the time series data of snakebites in Shoushtar City from 2017 to 2022. This study recorded data on 396 individuals who experienced snakebite incidents during the research period. Time series analysis in the medical field involves studying and analyzing data collected over time to identify patterns, trends, and relationships. Time series analysis and appropriate models were used to forecast the trend of cases for future months using BOX-Jenkins models. Findings revealed that the majority of snakebites occurred in men and rural areas. The trend remained constant until the end of 2019, and from the last months of 2019 to the end of 2020, it exhibited an increasing trend (during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic). The data had a seasonal trend, with the highest occurrences in hot seasons and the lowest occurrences in cold seasons. The age groups of 25-44 years and 10-24 years constituted the largest portion of the victims. The most frequently affected body parts were the foot (58.8%) and hand (38.8%). The majority of individuals sought treatment without delay. The best-fitting model for the available data was a seasonal ARIMA model in the form of ARIMA (0,0,0) (1,0,1)12. Forecasting was carried out for the next 6 months using the selected model, suggesting a decrease in snakebite cases compared to previous periods. Overall, time series analysis in the medical field is crucial in improving patient care, enhancing public health strategies, and advancing medical research. It can also aid in resource allocation and healthcare planning.

Nowadays, scientists are looking to decrease dental faults by presenting new approaches. It is obvious that comprehensive information about the anatomic position of the inferior alveolar neural canal is essential to have the most ideal mandible surgery or systemic tooth implant. Accordingly, we present a new approach in this article that can be used to have 3D segmentation and recognition of the mentioned canal in mandible by CBCT image. This approach includes two main steps. In the first step, we train a full convolutional 3D net (FCN) to reach the ability of section recognition, which can recognize the relevant area of the mandible bone. In the next step, we define a 3D U-net, which is similar to FCN, to segment the inferior Alveolar neural (IAN) canal from the lower jaw. Evaluated on publicly available datasets, our method achieved an average Dice coefficient of 86.61%.

Hegel is a philosopher who studies the concept of the state with his multifaceted philosophy and his special methodology. On one hand, he criticizes the views of different schools of thought about this concept and believes that the government is not a mechanism to maintain peace, enforce rights, or promote benefits beyond its own existence, and only in this capacity can it be recognized by everyone as a right. On the other hand, in his theory, the divine and intrinsically purposive government is trying to incorporate all the desirable features of these schools, despite all these criticisms. notwithstanding this paradox, this research, whose sources have been collected through the library research method and descriptive-analytical study, aims to prove the hypothesis that the Hegelian state emerges from within the traditional liberal and democratic state-building philosophies in a special and distinct way. It is trying to answer the question “What are the characteristics of the ideal state in Hegel's view, In a practical look at the political philosophy of the state?”, The results show, while proving the hypothesis; that contrary to the extreme collectivism of Rousseau and the abstract individualism of Lockean liberalism, Hegel's state is ‘a reasonable and inevitable institution of society that everyone must recognize its by force and accept its obedience’. Research Question(s) What are the characteristics of the ideal state in Hegel's view? Literature Review Several research papers have been published Related to the subject of the research, including; Zahra Vashqani Farahani's thesis titled: "State Theory in Hegel's Political Philosophy" published by the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of the Islamic Azad University (Central Tehran Branch), as well as an article titled "The Importance of Hegelian Separation, State and Civil Society" written by Azim Rahin, Prepared and published in No. (1.2) of Social Sciences Quarterly. However, the distinct feature of this research is the examination of Hegel's paradigmatic view of the government, which is in many ways against or in favor of democracy and liberalism.

Considering that research in most humanities disciplines is mainly focused on theoretical solutions, the present study has used a library research method to collect the desired data and examines the data with a descriptive-analytical method.

Hegel's philosophy, methodology, and valuable critiques present an outlook that thinks about modernity, instead of being oriented towards the Enlightenment era of his time. Because, basically, from Hegel's point of view, modernity is a bridge in the evolution of the soul towards freedom, and in this way, the self-awareness of the soul is the most important characteristic of the new era. In summary, for the purposes of this research and its main question, what is certain is that Hegel rejects the political theory of social contract that philosophers such as Locke and Rousseau established and views them as inefficient abstract concepts and, by rejecting the abstract idealism of "Reason" and the empiricism of "History" as an independent and durable ground for authority, established a dialectical relationship between reason and history and thereby resolved some of the contradictions raised in the state's founding phase. He also, based the political right on having an independent nature from the state and supports the concept of political right where it maintains its idealistic aspect, but is based on a certain historical era. On the other hand, even though Hegel criticizes the extreme collectivism of Rousseau and the abstract individualism of Lockean liberalism, his divine and intrinsically purposive government tries to incorporate all the desirable features of these schools and support them. Hegel's goal was to achieve the desired political power system for Germany, and so in this way, he presented his government specially and distinctly from the democratic and liberal state-building philosophies of his time.But what are the characteristics of Hegel's ideal government? The key to understanding this question lies in the ideal concept of political right in Hegel's belief and his opinion about the inherent rationality of the state. From Hegel's point of view, the state is the manifestation of realized freedom and the perfect ethical life. Therefore, the state is an ethical soul that emerges in the form of an essential will by becoming more transparent and definite. Therefore, the state is nothing but "the action of the spirit in the world" realized in a self-conscious form. But since the soul in Hegel's philosophy has an absolute, and even divine essence, according to Hegel's definition, the state is God's will in the world. Such a government is not a responsible or parliamentary government, and this was at a time when the belief in a responsible government was considered the most important feature of 19th-century liberalism. Overall, by studying the philosophy of rights that Hegel talks about, it cannot be said that he does not explicitly accept responsible government, nor can it be said that he explicitly rejected such a government.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an unusual threat to global health. Up to May 26, 2021, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), 167.01 million cases, and 3.47 million deaths were reported. This study aimed to estimate and compare epidemiological indices of COVID-19 in high-incidence countries. We conducted a descriptive and comparative analysis intending to examine the epidemiological indices of COVID- 19 in high-incidence countries, using the data published by the WHO until May 17, 2021. We calculated the incidence and mortality rate per 1,000,000 inhabitant-day at risk daily, weekly, and overall, using person-day as the denominator. The fatality rate in 14 countries was about 1.94%. The highest fatality rate was acquired in Italy (2.99%), followed by the United Kingdom (2.86%) and Iran (2.79%). The lowest value on the fatality rate was in Turkey and India, at 0.88% and 1.1%. The highest incidence rate was reported in the USA (207 cases per 1,000,000 person-day), followed by France (190), Poland (171), and Argentina (167). The highest mortality rate for the whole period was extracted in Brazil (4.60 death per 1,000,000 population-day), and the lowest rate happened in India (0.42). Until May 17, 2021, COVID-19 has affected about 117.6 million patients and caused 2.3 million deaths in 14 highincidence countries. This study shows that a specific pattern of COVID-19 has been observed in every country.

The aim of this study was to introduce the Karganrood River as one of the safe routes for releasing sturgeon fry. Karganrood River is located in the west of Gilan province in Talesh city. In the river, 3 sampling stations were considered. The range of changes in dissolved oxygen was 8.21 to 8.87 mg/l. The pH value ranged from 9 to 9.43. The amount of ammonia in station 3 was highest and in station 1 was the lowest amount. The amount of nitrite and nitrate was reported the highest in station 3. Oxygen and pH at releasing time were 8.46 mg/l and 9.24, respectively. Biomass of chironomidae, Gamarus and insect larvae in station 3 were significantly more than stations 1 and 2 (P<0.005). The amount of organic matter in stations 1 and 3 was significantly more than station 2 (P<0.005). In the 3 stations, sand percent was significantly more than clay and silt (P<0.005). Study on percent of sediment granulation in 3 stations showed that there is no significant differences in clay percent among stations 1, 2 and 3 (P>0.005) and silt was present only in station 1. One thousand juveniles of Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) with an average weight of1.56 ±0.58g and an average length of 8.58±1.23cm were released at the third station. 95 juveniles of Stellate sturgeon were tracked from releasing place up to near the estuary. After 7 hours from the releasing time, 4.1% of total released juveniles were caught by the net located in the estuary.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious and communicable disease and one of the top ten causes of death throughout the world. Monitoring and evaluating TB treatment outcomes provides the required data for taking the necessary measures to control TB. Thus, this study was carried out to find determinants of treatment failure among patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB in Khuzestan province during 2006-2014

This retrospective cohort study was conducted over a 9-year period in Khuzestan province. Predictors of treatment failure were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression

Among 5342 patients, the cumulative incidence of unsuccessful TB treatment was 1.85%. More than half of TB patients (59.2%) enrolled in this study were male, and most of them were living in urban areas (79.8%). Significant predictors of treatment failure were age (p=·001), weight (p= ·039), number of delayed days in diagnosis (p=·01), isoniazid resistance (p≤·001), and number of bacilli in patients` sputum at the beginning of treatment (p≤·001).

In this study, the rate of successful treatment was quite high; nevertheless, new cases of treatment failure could be prevented with special efforts such as prompt diagnosis and precise follow-up under Direct Observation Treatment Short course (DOTS) strategy.

Surgeries, such as orthopedic surgeries, are always performed with the use of a free hand with the aid of a fluoroscopic device to drill and place the screw in the bone position. However, such surgeries are of high risk and radioactive contamination, and have long surgery duration. Since the drilling process is very important and usually depends on the skill of the surgeon, a teleoperation system is provided to perform this task. In order to gain better control over the patient's body by the surgeon, an impedance control algorithm that incorporates the robot's position and velocity signal along with the surgeon's hand force and bone response force is provided in order for the surgeon to have proper control over the surgical process. Finally, drilling operation is performed on a cow bone to evaluate the teleoperation system presented. The results of the teleoperation system show that the desired system is acceptable under the proposed control algorithm. The results show that the drilling tool on the cow bone correctly follows the surgeon's hand position and the surgeon correctly feels the force applied to the tool by the cow bone.

According to modern man's daily life as well as irreparable damage that may occur to a human finger, there is an alternative, one of the most important issues in today's society that thought stuck. In this research, tried to design an electromechanical finger prosthesis to stop the damage caused to human fingers or maternal defects that can be replaced by a finger. After the construction, it will respond to the individual's needs. It is light and comfortable and can be flexed like a finger.

The stitch material is used to create a solid state with respect to the movement of each of the fingers from the steel bars and to protect them from light steel. The manufacture of this prosthesis was done using a 3D printer using PLA1 soft materials. The design of this prosthesis has been used by CATIA and Inventor software and ABAQUS software has been used for analysis. Goals: In this project, tried to build artificial finger that's where the convenience of using your finger or can dentures, if desired, use of electromechanical prosthesis.

Due to the increasing need for artificial finger, due to increased production can be replied to this need and to prevent the production of heavy prosthetics.

Electromechanical wrist hand orthosis1 is used under different conditions. It can be used for stability purposes for a wide range of wrist movements. Do not bend the joints or prevent excessive propagation. The materials used include low-temperature2 thermoplastic metal and thermoplastic sheets. To move the orthosis, a servomotor is used to move the wrist, which is controlled by the user interface. Instead of expensive fittings, a simple aluminum watch joint has been used to make it. To produce EWHO, first, the orthosis was designed by Inventor software. Depending on the wrist force, which is tolerable to the hand, this amount of force is analyzed on the sheets used in Abaqus software and Inverter software and analyzed for stress and ultimate stress. A Bluetooth board controls the movements of the wrist according to the user's command in the app depending on the type of user on the mobile or computer. The person or companion beside the person can help him or her to adjust the orthosis. Depending on one's disability, the orthosis can be adjusted to varying degrees and lead to one's recovery.The goal of this orthosis is to help patients with functional impairment in the wrist. Any type of functional disorder in his or her hand can result in the loss of individual independence and thus a threat to his or her social independence.

Test anxiety is one of the most common and important problems of students in their educational course which affects performance, well-being, and success of students adversely. The prevalence of test anxiety in the students of the University of Medical Sciences is more than in other students. It`s maybe due to their hard educational condition.
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of emotional intelligence in coping strategies and test anxiety in university students.
The present study is a correlational descriptive study. Statistical population was all of the students in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, 2013-2014. Among them, 196 ones were selected by convenience sampling. In this study, participants were assessed by Sarason Test Anxiety Inventory, Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies, and Schutte et al’s emotional intelligence. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation tests and path analysis.
The results showed that there was a relationship between coping strategies (problem-focused and emotion-focused) and emotional intelligence with test anxiety (P According to the results, it can be concluded that students who use problem-focused coping strategies have more emotional intelligence and with increasing emotional intelligence, test anxiety reduces significantly. So in order to reduce the test anxiety, the important role of emotional intelligence should be considered. Test anxiety is related to coping strategies (problem-focused and emotion-focused) and emotional intelligence.

Soil erosion by water and wind processes are carried out widely. So one of the best ways to estimate soil loss and land degradation is regional erodibility model. The aim of this research is codification regional erodibility model by statistical methods, the relation survey in Khoor and Biabanak between physical properties of soils and remote sensing indices. Sampling Method field was linear transect method and picked up 33 soil samples from depths of 0 to 50 cm. By transferring the samples to the laboratory, were calculated the elements of sand, clay, silt, organic matter and carbon, and then measurement erodibility values using the K-factor and SEI index. Then, was taken OLI sensor image accordance time sampling from USGS website. And were extracted the indices by enforcing functions the amount of Clay, NDVI, GOSAVI, SAVI, TSAVI, NDSI, SCI and GSAVI. Finally, were calculated using Pearson correlation between physical elements and soil erodibility with Remote sensing indices. At the end of for modeling SEI and K, through simple and multiple regression attempts to gauge the relationship between these parameters and selected best models from among with higher preference value. The results of modeling SEI represents the maximum linear correlation with the indices SAVI, NDVI and TSAVI respectively, with coefficient of 0.69, 0.66 and 0.63, and K factor linear correlation with the indices NDSI, SAVI and SCI, respectively, with a coefficient of determination 0.63 0.61 and 0.58 is at level 99%. Multiple regression analysis also showed a high correlation with group consensus SEI, K and Remote Sensing indices, respectively, with a coefficient of determination 0.517 and 0.564 and estimated error 0.0031144 and 0.0092369 at level 99%. Therefore, can estimate the amount of soil erodibility by remote sensing indices and univariate and multivariate statistical models. Which enables fast and precise estimation of SEI and K values in the Khoor and Biabanak region.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric and gallbladder in patients with acute cholecystitis or symptomatic cholelitiasis undergoing cholecystectomy.
43 patients with biliary disease (cholecystitis or cholelitiasis) with inclusion criteria were selected in Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The data including age, sex, and the presence of Helicobacter pylori in biopsy samples of gallbladder and gastric mucosa for each patient were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software.
The biopsy specimens of gastric and gallbladder mucosa of 43 patients with the mean age of 54.8 ± 9.9 years were studied. 22 (51.2%) patients had acute cholecystitis and 21 (48.8%) had cholelithiasis. Among the gastric samples, 14 patients (32.6%) (9 men and 5 women) and in the gallbladder samples, 19 patients (44.2%) (8 women and 11 men) were positive for Helicobacter pylori. The simultaneous presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric and gallbladder mucosa was seen in 6 patients (13.9%). 10 patients (23.2%) were smokers, and 33 (76.7%) were non-smokers.
It can be said that the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gallbladder can play an important role in the creation and spread of the infection. But the simultaneous presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric and gallbladder cannot be a good standard to evaluate the diseases of the bile ducts.

All the producing and assembling processes exert residual stress on the pieces that may lead to structural failure. Therefore, calculating the residual stress in such structures has been common in recent years. In this article, distribution of temperature and residual stress resulting from arc welding in three-pass butt joint in P91 austenitic stainless steel pipes is calculated and estimated using the finite element method and experimental data. Simulating the welding process has been carried out three- dimensionally using Abaqus software. Distribution of the arc thermal flux has been identified based on the Goldak two-elliptical model using DFLUX subprogram in Abaqus software. The numerical method has been employed by doing thermoelastoplastic analysis and the technique of birth and death of the elements to model the welding passes and the melted elements. Then, using central hole drilling method, residual stress gradient of the thickness at distance 3mm from the welding line on the pipe is measured. Finally, the maximum percentage of error, through the results obtained from experimental measurements and finite element method, was reported 27% which is scientifically reasonable .The results show that the residual environmental stress in the internal surface of the pipe from the welding central line to 8.7mm varies with the gradient of 610MPa from 296MPa to -314MPa. Such a drastic stress distribution leads to genesising some cracks on the welded pipes.

There are more than 60 large and small playa In Iran. One of them¡ is Khoor playa. The aim of this study is investigate the reason of choice for extraction minerals from Khoor playa in Iran. With extensive studies and various reports¡ Khoor playa features was locating the best place with having the best conditions¡ for the construction of KCl from playa. In Khoor Playa has been exploration in two stages: exploration¡ identification¡ networking¡ roads construction¡ sampling and next stage is exploration on the salt crust was made with an area of 1000 square kilometers. Exploratory studies were conducted in Khoor playa in 2¡000 square kilometers. Brine extraction for usable area is 1000 square kilometers and salt crust average thickness is 6 meters. Taking into account the porosity of 10%¡ 600 million cubic meters of brine was estimated available in the playa¡ if the coefficient of 75% to determine the extractable brine consider¡ this amount is 450 million cubic meters. The reasons for choice this Playa compared to another playa in Iran are high grade KCl¡ large area and thickness of the shell salt¡ high brine reserves¡ close to town and access roads built.

Non-Destructive Testing & Evaluation methods are developed to inspect and investigate materials and structures. Ultrasonic Testing is an NDT method can be used for measuring the thickness of objects, as one of its significant applications. The objective of this paper is designing and applying an intelligent UT fuzzy control system for evaluating the thickness of thin metal objects in a range of 5-20 mm. The designed Fuzzy Logic Controller has five variables including four inputsand one output. The inputs are frequency of probe, couplant's acoustic impedance, object’s acoustic impedance, and temperature; also the output is thickness, particularly of thin objects. This suggested method has been applied to four metals. Our strategy consists of three steps; and it has been preferred to utilize pulse-echo method because of using the immersion method. The experimental results imply that the proposed procedure has been able to control and measure the thickness of thin objects (5-20 mm) successfully within a rate of mean error of 0.5%.

Rolling mill Industry is one of the most profitable industries in the world. Chatter phenomenon is one of the key issues in this industry. Chatter or rolling unwanted vibrations not only has an adverse effect on product quality, but also reduces considerably the efficiency with reduced rolling velocities of rolling lines.This paper is an attempt to simulate the phenomenon of Chatter more accurate than the previous performed simulations. In order to increase the production speed, it needs to avoid parameters which effect on the Chatter and varieties with the rolling lines condition. Actual values of these parameters were determined in the archives of the Mobarakeh two stand cold rolling mills and collected on the 210 case study of real chattering. To simulate the experiment, a neural network is trained and weights and bias values of the neural network with genetic optimization algorithm were used to get an optimal neural network which reduces bugs on the test data. So this model is capable to predict speed of Chatter threshold on rolling process of two stand cold rolling mill with the accuracy less than one percent. So it can be used in rolling process with the building intelligent recognition systems to prevent the creator conditions of the chatter frequency range.

There are several strategies for maintenance and repairing of devices in industry. However, they are still confronted with many uncertainties. A hydraulic lifting device after ten years of working in a technical center in Isfahan is faced with uncertainty in terms of reliability. Being able to know the reliability of pieces means predicting failure occurrences, which is accomplished by condition monitoring of the pieces by measurement of errors and ambiguous boundaries. Using condition monitoring and expert groups and multiple membership functions by creating a fuzzy system in MATLAB software uncertainties important components and the structure status are obtained in the fuzzy form. Moreover, between the healthy and damaged conditions a percentage of health is obtained and the health of system is shown.

Polishing is a method to make tooth surface smooth using a bristlebrush or other methods with an abrasive prophylactic paste. Placing the pasteon the brush by hand is time-consuming. The aim of this study was qualitativeand quantitative evaluation and comparison of a new automatic instrument withconventional manual technique in terms of polishing time and the number ofteeth polished per specific time intervals and by asking for the ideas ofdental practitioners.

In this study, 60 tooth samples were randomly selected from theupper and lower jaws and underwent polishing with an automatic polishing systemand conventional polishing system and the number of teeth polished in a minutewas calculated. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using a questionnairecompleted by users in relation to the performance of the new system incomparison to the conventional system. Data were analyzed with SPSS 11 usingtwo-way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Polishing time decreased up to 60% with the automatic system,which was statistically significant (p value = 0.003). The jaw type had nosignificant effect on procedure time and the number of teeth polished duringtime intervals with the new system compared to the conventional system (p value= 0.3, p value = 0.96). In relation to quality evaluation of the new system,86.6%, 10% and 3.3% of the users rated its efficacy as good, fair and weak,respectively. In addition, 76.6% of users were satisfied with the new system’sefficacy; 73.3% were interested in buying the new system; 60% were satisfiedwith dilution of paste with water; and there was a 50% increase in toothsurface smoothness with the use of the new system.

Under the limitations of the present study, automatic polishingsystem was superior to the conventional system quantitatively (time and thetotal number of teeth polished) and qualitatively (user satisfaction,ergonomics and ease of use). Further studies are recommended.

Periodontal polishing is the act of smoothing the tooth surface and performed by hand-piece device and addition of prophylaxis paste onto the bristle brush by the dentist. Disadvantages of this technique include non-uniform cleaning of tooth surface and removal of dental deposits including dental plaque and long duration of head substitution due to paste running out and other factors. To solve this problem, a new machine was designed capable of adding the prophylaxis paste to the hand-piece apparatus head automatically. This setting injects the prophylaxy paste into the target point with pneumatic automatic control system. This paper deals with design and fabrication of pneumatically operated automatic paste machine. The pulse and pressure system control for pneumatic system were designed and implemented. The manually operated machine is converted into a pneumatically operated machine by applying proper ergonomically design procedure. Findings support the use of automatic pneumatic paste injection instrumentation over the traditional hand paste polishing.

In some studies, the involvement of dangerous psychological and behavioral factors in etiology and physiotherapy of vascular disturbances have been shown. In other studies, the relationship between the personality type and increase in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. The type D personality is defined as having two characteristics of negative affect and social inhibition. It is thought that individuals with type D personality are at increased risk of carotid artery intima‑media thickening which predisposes them to vascular disease that is one of the most important factors for the stroke. In this study, we try to determine whether type D personality is a contributing factor to an increase in the intima‑media of the carotid artery. This study was done in 2012 in the teaching hospital of Alzahra in Isfahan Iran. This is a case/control study which is done at Alzahra hospital in Isfahan in 2011-12. The statistical population in this study is composed of individuals who do not have any risk factors for stroke and are randomly selected among the hospital staff or the patient’s family members who accompanied the patient at the hospital. They filled out a questioner that would assist in detecting type D personality. A carotid Doppler ultrasound that measures the intima‑media thickness in the selected individuals was performed. The information obtained from the study was evaluated by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software and the intima‑media thicknesses were compared in two groups of patients. The average thickness of intima media in two groups, consist of placebo and patients, was 0.739 ± 0.12 and 0.759 ± 0.14 millimeter, respectively. There was no meaningful difference between the two groups based on t‑test values (P = 0.19). It is important to note that based on the results, 22.9% of placebos and 48.6% of individuals with type D personality presented with abnormal thickness. The difference between the two groups were meaningful based on Chi‑Squared test (P = 0.001). We conclude that type D personality increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases specially the stroke and myocardial infarction due to the higher prevalence of hormonal imbalances leading to arterial vasospasm and atherosclerotic disease. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate and treat these patients due to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases, stoke, and myocardial infarction.

Today there are abounding collected data in cases of various diseases in medical sciences. Physicians can access new findings about diseases and procedures in dealing with them by probing these data. This study was performed to predict stroke incidence. This study was carried out in Esfahan Al‑Zahra and Mashhad Ghaem hospitals during 2010‑2011. Information on 807 healthy and sick subjects was collected using a standard checklist that contains 50 risk factors for stroke such as history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking and alcohol consumption. For analyzing data we used data mining techniques, K‑nearest neighbor and C4.5 decision tree using WEKA. The accuracy of the C4.5 decision tree algorithm and K‑nearest neighbor in predicting stroke was 95.42% and 94.18%, respectively. The two algorithms, C4.5 decision tree algorithm and K‑nearest neighbor, can be used in order to predict stroke in high risk groups.

Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary instrument files are important devices in Endodontics in root canal preparation. Ni-Ti file breakage is a critical and problematic issue and irrigation techniques were applied to decrease risk of file failure root. The aim of the present study was to compare the temperature gradient change of different irrigation solutions with Ni-Ti rotary instrument system during root canal preparation and also to define their effects on the file failure. A novel computerized instrumentation was utilized and thirty standard (ProFile #25/.04) files were divided into three groups and subjected to a filing in the root canal test. Changes in temperature on teeth under constant instrumental conditions with custom-designed computerized experimental apparatus were measured by using a temperature sensor bonded to the apical hole. A rotary instrument for canal preparation in three series of solution was used and the changes in temperature after each solution were compared. Finally, the file failure results were mentored according to each step of test. Comparisons were performed between group status clinically by using ANOVA (t) test, once the sample showed up normal and differences of P<0.01 were considered significant. All data collected were computerized and analyzed for frequency, distribution, and statistical description. There was a decrease in the temperature of the instruments, which were immersed in 5% NaOCl, when compared with the water group (P<0.01). There was also a decrease in the temperature of the instruments immersed in water, when compared with the no solution group (P<0.01). Test results showed that sodium hypochlorite, water, or air of root canals does alter the properties of gradual temperature change and contributes to the failure of the instruments. By immersing the file in 5% NaOCl, the temperature gradient decreased and instrument failure was reduced.

The Nitinol alloy is considered as an outcome of the modern engineering and because of its great mechanical properties and memorizing capability is at the service of some advanced technologies, such as the medicine, robotics, army, etc. This article reviews and controls the drilling operation of the Nitinol alloy with Fuzzy logic methods. The machining conditions of the alloy are regarded as far as possible, and the Fuzzy logic was comprehensively and consecutively considered regarding the drilling main parameters. The tool diameter and cutting depth were experimented from 1 to 30, and 0.25 to 3 mm, respectively. The cutting speed was set on 20-50m/min and the spindle speed was classified on 20-6000 rpm. Of all the influential parameters, the temperature was considered and the results were revealed based on the mechanical properties of the alloy and the technological advancements.

associated with increased risk of stroke. This study aimed to determine the type of stroke and the role of fibrinogen in stroke type. This case-control study comprised 58 hospitalized patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke. Demographic and clinical characteristics, type of strokeand fibrinogen level were collected after starting the treatment. The prevalence of ICH was higher in men than in women so that 60% of men and39.3% of women in this study were diagnosed with this type of stroke. In contrast, the corresponding figures for ischemic stroke were 40% and 60.7%, respectively. Statistical analysis by chi-square test revealed significant difference in the type of stoke in terms of gender (P = 0.026). The mean fibrinogen levels was lower in patients with ICH (348 ± 96 mg/dl) than in patients with ischemic stroke (381 ± 126 mg/dl), however this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). Fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in women than in men (390 ± 111 vs. 340 ± 110 mg/dl, respectively, P = 0.017). Although the mean fibrinogen level was not significantly different in ICH andischemic stroke patients, it is recommended to examine the serum fibrinogen and its related factors at least for those patients with non-modifiable risk factors and in particular for those with family history and genetic background.

The creeping grinding operation of a tool steel blade was evaluated and experimented for removing the residual stains on the surface of the roads and streets. The surface smoothness of the sample was modeled through neural network and Fuzzy logic methods, and the working conditions were met and provided based on the incombustibly of workpiece. The Fuzzy inferential system rules, and the neural network were modeled based on the experiments, and back propagation algorithms, respectively, and then the outputs were compared with real values. The results guarantee the lack of any changes and distortions in the material nature and the surface smoothness is provided and met which is influential on the expected functions of the work piece. At the same time, a precise determination of the surface smoothness (Ra) is done. According to the results, the cost efficiency, and the better quality of the product, the artificial intelligence-based methods and applications are suggested for this operation.