sedigheh javadpour

One of the secondary consequences of burnout is a significant reduction in cognitive functions, the most obvious and important of which is the cognitive function of attention and control, which can play a vital role in efficiency and prevention of errors at work in many occupations. On the other hand, a neurological examination is needed to understand better the relationship between burnout and its consequent depressive disorder regarding the cognitive function of the attention network of these individuals. Depressed people usually have neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the cognitive performance of executive control of health care workers with shift jobs on the verge of burnout using the Attention Network Test (ANT) Event-Related Potential (ERP).

The sample included 26 health care providers on the verge of burnout in Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran (15 without depression and 11 with mild to moderate depression) selected by purposive sampling. The rate of burnout was assessed by the Maslach Scales (1981); depression was evaluated by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); attention was assessed by the Network Attention Test (ANT) and simultaneously with the behavioral test. We investigated the event-related potential (ERP) indicators of attention processing. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for data analysis.

The results of behavioral performance revealed no significant difference between the two groups in the three attention networks; however, Significant differences can be seen in ERP brain waves related to the executive function of attention, especially by increasing the SP wave and N2 wave component compared to normal individuals without depression

: Significant differences can be seen in ERP brain waves related to the executive function of attention, especially by increasing the SP wave and N2 wave component compared to normal individuals without depression. According to the study results, it can be stated that to improve cognitive performance in people's work environments, measures should be taken to reduce burnout and depression, and employees should perform their activities with better performance and help the quality growth of the work environment.

The present research concentrated on the cognitive function of the attention factors and the parameters of psychosocial wellbeing in the employees of non-executive personnel of the Oil Industry. This descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted on 68 candidates from three volunteer departments with the mean age of 37 and 14 years of work experience. The subjects registered in the research website and attended the relevant standard tests for the assessment of psychosocial wellbeing previously made available to them on-line. Also, the Attention Network Test was applied in the assessment of the Attention factors cognitive function. The data analysis was done by SPSS 25, with the results indicating that the burnout level has a meaningful correlation with parameters of Executive Control Network, and reaction time of Attention, along with those of social-health, stress, anxiety and depression.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen. The presence of several virulence factors such as exotoxin and exoenzyme genes and biofilm may contribute to its pathogenicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of toxA, exoU and exoS, the determination of biofilm production and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. In this study, 75 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered from various clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates were identified. Virulence genes toxA, exoU and exoS were determined using PCR. The ability of biofilm production was assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 12 strains were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics (17.14%). The most effective antibiotic was colistin as 98.6% of isolates were sensitive. The frequencies of exoU and exoS genes were detected as 36.6% and 55.7%, respectively. In addition, 98.6% of the isolates were biofilm producers. Exotoxin A was detected in sixty-eight isolates (95.7%). The findings of this study showed that, the presence of P. aeruginosa exotoxin and exoenzyme genes, particularly, the exoU gene is the most common virulence factors in the bacterial isolates from urine samples. Biofilm is a serious challenge in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.

Acinetobacter spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria that are associated with nosocomial infections. They are serious opportunistic pathogens with resistance to many antibiotics due to the presence of Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes. The aims of this study were to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and frequency of MBLs genes in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species in Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Material & This descriptive- cross-sectional study was carried out on 81 Acinetobacter isolates collected from different clinical samples from Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran. The bacteria were identified to the species level by Microgen GNA-ID System kit. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. MIC of meropenem was determined by E-test, and MBLs production was detected by imipenem-EDTA synergy test (CDST method). The isolates were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blaIMP and blaVIM genes.
Out of 81 isolates, 79(97.54%) were identified as A. baumanni, 1 (1.23%) as A. lwoffii and 1(1.23%) as A. haemolyticus. Acinetobacter spp. showed the highest resistance to imipenem and meropenem (81.5%) and the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B (96.3%) and colistin(95.1%), respectively. MIC determination by E-test revealed 77.8% of isolates as meropenem- resistant.76.5% of isolates were identified as MBL- positive by CDST method. Also, 13 (16%) isolates carried blaIMP gene, but none of them had the blaVIM gene.
Dissemination of MBL- producing A. baumannii is worrisome. In order to reduce and control Acinetobacter infections, implementation of strict surveillance, and judicious prescribing of antibiotics is necessary.

Acinetobacter species are important opportunistic pathogens, widely spread in hospital's environment and responsible for different health care associated infections. Because of its ability to rapidly develop resistance to the major groups of antibiotics, treatment of Acinetobacter infections is difficult and antibiotic susceptibility tests can help in choosing the best antibiotics, decreasing the cost and duration of hospitalization. The goals of this study were to determine frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species, clinical parameters and outcomes of patients, in Shahid Mohammadi hospital, Bandar Abbas.
Between April 2010 and March 2011, a total of 2132 positive cultures were obtained from various clinical specimens of hospitalized patients. Suspicious isolates of Acinetobacter were identified by routine microbiological methods. Antibiogram patterns of isolates for 12 currently used antibiotics were determined by Kirby-Bauer method. Clinical and microbiological data of patients was analyzed by SPSS 16 software.
A total of 68 (3.2%) Acinetobacter species was isolated. Acinetobacter isolates was mostly obtained from ICU (24 cases, 35.8%) and emergency (12 cases, 17.9%) wards, and trachea was the major site of infection (41.2%). Colistin with 83.7% susceptibility rate was the most effective antibiotic, followed by ofloxacine 47.4% and chloramphenicol 39.5%. A high rate of resistance was observed to meropenem (98.1%), and cefepime (90.4%). Mortality rate was 14.7% in patients, mostly because of bacteremia.
Because of its serious infections and high-drug resistance, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility and strict adherence to infection guidelines are essential to prevent and decrease Acinetobacter infections.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the multi-drug resistant pathogens and a cause of opportunistic neusocomial infections. Different methods have been used for investigating genetic diversity of P. aeruginosa. rep-PCR typing has been introduced as a rapid and low-cost method with high discriminatory power. The aim of this study was to investigate distribution, genotypic relatedness, and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates at Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, between May 2012 and June 2013. Identification of strains and determination of antibiotic resistance pattern were conducted by conventional biochemical tests and Kirby-Bauer method, respectively. Genetic similarity was investigated by rep-PCR. The correlation between molecular types and antimicrobial resistance patterns was determined by Pearson's chi-square test. p≤0.05 was considered to be the level of significance.
rep-PCR results exhibited seven genotypic clusters with 76% similarity. Genotypes A and C were the most prevalent types with 16 (23.8%) frequency. ICU had the most distribution and diversity of rep-PCR types. The majority of isolates were obtained from sputum (29.8%). Most isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole (80.6%) and susceptible to ciprofloxacin (85.1%), as the most effective antibiotic.
The result of this study showed that P. aeruginosa rep-PCR types A and C were the predominant strains in the studied hospital. Because drug resistance is considered a serious challenge ahead for treatment of nosocomial infections, it is necessary to implement the guidelines of infection control to reduce P. aeruginosa infections.

The Gram-negative emerged an important nosocomial pathogen, especially in intensive care units. These bacteria are cause of health infections, specifically in intensive care units (ICUs). Recent reports present an increase in acinetobacters resistance to carbapenems. This study set out to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenems in different species of acinetobacters isolated from clinical specimens of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas.
This descriptive-cross sectional study investigated 81 acinetobacter isolates, collected from different clinical specimens, to the species level, using biochemical tests and Microgen GNA-ID System. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the species was screened by the Kirby-Bauer method performed on Mueller–Hinton agar. In addition, the MIC of imipenem and meropenem antibiotics was evaluated using E-test.
Among the investigated 81 acinetobacter species, 79 (97.5%), 1, and 1 species were of acinetobacter baumannii, acinetobacter lwoffii, and acinetobacter haemolyticus families, respectively. According to the Kirby-Bauer method, the maximum antibiotic resistance of acinetobacter baumannii was to ceftriaxone (98.73%), ciprofloxacin (96.20%), and imipenem (82.28%); in addition, the maximum sensitivity was to polymyxin B and colistin (97.5%), and tigecycline (82.28%). Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration with R-test showed that 79.75% and 78.48% of acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. The acinetobacter lwoffii with MIC=0.074μg⁄m and 32≤MIC μg⁄m were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively.
The most prevalent species of acinetobacters in Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, was acinetobacter baumannii. Three types of antibiotics (polymyxin B, tigecycline, and colistin) shown effective in the treatment of infections induced by these bacteria.

Penicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) has been a target of study for a long time because of its pivotal role in the deacylation of the penicillin into the 6- aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and the side-chain organic acids. This property of penicillin acylase has been exploited commercially for large scale production of 6-APA, which is the key intermediate in the manufacture of semi-synthetic penicillins. Due to the worldwide demand for semi-synthetic penicillins, production of 6-APA has been increased up to 7000 tons in recent years. In this study, Sixty-five strains of E. coli were investigated for penicillin acylase activity using fluorescamine method. The 6-aminopenicillanic acid formed in the reaction mixture was developed on thin layer chromatography. One-minute beta-lactamase test was carried out to follow any trace of penicillinase activity. Only one sample designated as E.coli PPA78 was found to be penicillin acylase producer. The optimal pH and temperature of penicillin acylase activity of the whole cells were determined to be 8.0 and 57°C, respectively. Km value and activation energy of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction of penicillin G by intracellular enzyme were estimated as 0.004 mmol and 6.2 Kcal/mol, respectively.