نشریه طب کار
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 46، بهار 1401)

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a global health emergency worldwide due to its rapid transmission, which is a notable feature of the virus. This contagious disease leads to physical health problems and several psychological disorders. Nurses are at the forefront of fighting against this disease, so this study was attempted to discover the lived experiences of nurses working in the COVID-19 wards.
Mateials and

This qualitative research was performed using descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants were selected among nurses working in the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted. After conducting 20 interviews, data saturation was achieved. Then,the interviews were transcribed verbatim. For data analysis, Colaizii's seven-step method and MaxiCuda software were used.

After extracting the concepts and analyzing them, 35 categories and nine main categories were extracted.The Main categories were coping strategy and cognitive tolerance, service under pressure, psychological burden and Physical disorder, communication quality, dual challenges and symptoms of weakening and pressure, judgmental and perceptual style, enjoyable expensiveness, adaptive and reinforcing protection, detailed identity and positive sign.

Nurses working in COVID-19 ward experienced unfavorable mental, emotional, and occupational conditions. They need more support and equipment to care for themselves and COVID-19 patients. This research can be used to develop supportive strategies and services for an emerging epidemic.

light intensity and duration are physical factors that affect hormone secretion and circadian rhythms. This study aimed to determine the effects of various light intensities on serum melatonin and cortisol levels.

This experimental study was carried out on 32 male rats: Group 1 as the control group, received a brightness of 150 lux, and groups 2, 3, and 4 as the exposure groups received light intensities of 300, 5000, and 8000 lux for 14 days, respectively. To evaluate hormone levels, blood samples were taken on before and after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Then cortisol and melatonin levels were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

The results showed that cortisol levels after seven days of exposure in the groups exposed to the light intensity of 300, 5000, and 8000 lux increased significantly compared to the control group, and after 14 days, the level of cortisol in the groups. Exposure to a light intensity of 5000 and 8000 lux increased significantly compared to the control. Also, melatonin levels in the group of rats exposed to the light intensity of 5000 lux and 8000 lux after 7 and 14 days of exposure compared to the control significantly decreased.

Increased light intensity is associated  with  increased  melatonin  suppression and cortisol levels. It is suggested  that  more studies be done to prove the effect of different light intensities on changes in the levels of these  hormones at varying hours of the day.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common diseases that cause absenteeism and disability. Exposure to ergonomic risk factors in construction workers increases the risk of discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders in this group. The present study investigates occupational and individual factors predicting musculoskeletal disorders and pain disabilities in construction workers.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 construction project workers in Tehran. To study the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort, job stress, and pain disabilities, Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, Job Content, and Pain Disability questionnaires were used. 

The results of the present study showed that the highest rates of musculoskeletal discomfort were in the neck (68%), left knee (64%), right knee (86%), and back (61%), respectively. The mean score of pain disability was 35.43 ± 20.18, and 16% of people were in severe disability. The results showed that with increasing work experience, working hours per day and body mass index of pain disability increases, and age, work experience, body mass index, and the component of physical needs of the job are the contributing factors of the musculoskeletal discomforts.

Musculoskeletal disorders and pain disability were high in the studied construction workers. Based on the results, age, work experience, body mass index, and job stress contributed to musculoskeletal disorders and pain disabilities. Therefore, this study's results can help to understand better the risk factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders and pain disabilities in construction workers.

Most critical accidents in different industries are observable, but their severity is also predictable and can be controlled. Provided that accident analysis is properly managed with a preventive approach and based on correct findings, in a principled and realistic manner, root causes, corrective actions, and safety measures regarding accidents are performed.

The present research was a descriptive-analytic study, and the reported and recorded fatal occupational accidents were analyzed in the onshore section of one of the construction refinery projects in the South Pars Gas Refinery over a decade using the Tripod Beta method and then main risk factors, pre-conditions, and underlying causes, as well as the existing protective barriers, were identified, and an accidents tree was drawn.

The analysis of fatal occupational accidents showed that 26 immediate causes, 39 preconditions, and 50 underlying causes were involved in those accidents. Six key risk factors include lack of responsibility/organizational impact (57.8%), training (22.2%), hardware or tools and equipment (6.7%), maintenance management (6.7%), work procedures (4.4%), and Error Enforcing conditions (2.2%) had the largest share of the occurrence of accidents.

More than 80% of fatal occupational accidents can be controlled by modifying the two main factors, responsibility and organization and training. Therefore, implementing the total productive maintenance method, effective monitoring of staff work, hiring staff with sufficient knowledge and skills, and improving training indicators will increase understanding of hazard sources, improve safety and reduce accidents.

Nowadays, despite sensitive and complex technologies, Human Error is of great importance in many work environments due to its unfortunate consequences. For this reason, to limit the impacts of human error, it is necessary to identify and find the causes.

The present research was a descriptive-analytic study performed in 2021. After collecting information using the task observation method and interviewing safety officials, unit supervisors, and operators, 16 critical tasks were determined. Then, hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was performed, and human errors in each critical task were identified by the SHERPA method.

By analyzing SHERPA worksheets, 181 human errors were identified. Of these, 154 errors (85%) were of performance type, 24 errors (13%) were visited errors, two errors (1%) were related to communication, and 1 error (1%) was selected. Also, according to the results of the risk assessment, 45 errors (25 %) were unacceptable, 20 errors (11 %) were at an adverse risk level, 81 errors (45 %) were acceptable but needed to reconsider, and 35 errors (19 %) were acceptable without needing to review.

The most obvious errors that occur in the filtration unit of this refinery were related to functional errors. To reduce the occurrence of the detected error, control solutions such as installing an online monitoring system and alarm on the filtration process, the output of wet-dry solvent pumps, and the vacuum pump were presented

Today, it is essential to pay attention to the opportunities and threats in health services, especially in hospitals, to identify and evaluate the existing risks and manage them in these centers. Hospital risk management is a program to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of preventable accidents and is of great economic, human and moral importance in the hospital environment. This study aimed to evaluate and prioritize the occupational safety and health risks of the staff of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd in 2019

The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional. In the first step, the main risks in clinical, laboratory, facilities, radiology, and administrative departments were identified. Based on FMEA logic, three severity, probability, and vulnerability indicators were identified for each risk. Then, prioritization criteria were determined, and ANP prioritized the risks.

According to infectious disease experts with a risk of 0.86 in the clinical ward, inhalation of Barisek chemical vapor 1.17 in the laboratory, radiation of the device with a risk of 0.64 in imaging, infectious disease with a risk of 0.33 and 1.3 in order of priority The first were in the administrative and facilities department.

The  results showed that the hospital  management should adopt special  management  programs to control infectious diseases with a staff  health approach. Control  measures should be set with priority risks. The difference in the obtained  risk numbers  indicated the different  priorities of implementing risk management  programs in each  ward of  Shahid  Sadoughi Hospital.

One of the secondary consequences of burnout is a significant reduction in cognitive functions, the most obvious and important of which is the cognitive function of attention and control, which can play a vital role in efficiency and prevention of errors at work in many occupations. On the other hand, a neurological examination is needed to understand better the relationship between burnout and its consequent depressive disorder regarding the cognitive function of the attention network of these individuals. Depressed people usually have neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the cognitive performance of executive control of health care workers with shift jobs on the verge of burnout using the Attention Network Test (ANT) Event-Related Potential (ERP).

The sample included 26 health care providers on the verge of burnout in Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran (15 without depression and 11 with mild to moderate depression) selected by purposive sampling. The rate of burnout was assessed by the Maslach Scales (1981); depression was evaluated by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); attention was assessed by the Network Attention Test (ANT) and simultaneously with the behavioral test. We investigated the event-related potential (ERP) indicators of attention processing. Independent t-test and paired t-test were used for data analysis.

The results of behavioral performance revealed no significant difference between the two groups in the three attention networks; however, Significant differences can be seen in ERP brain waves related to the executive function of attention, especially by increasing the SP wave and N2 wave component compared to normal individuals without depression

: Significant differences can be seen in ERP brain waves related to the executive function of attention, especially by increasing the SP wave and N2 wave component compared to normal individuals without depression. According to the study results, it can be stated that to improve cognitive performance in people's work environments, measures should be taken to reduce burnout and depression, and employees should perform their activities with better performance and help the quality growth of the work environment.

Lead is a toxic metal found in the Earth's crust and has been used by humans for 7,000 years due to its high density, flexibility and strength, and low melting point. The widespread use of this metal in industry and the exposure of workers has led to widespread environmental pollution and public health problems in many parts of the world. Due to the widespread use of lead in various occupations and also the importance of complications caused by exposure to it, biological monitoring of employees exposed to this substance has always been of particular importance in occupational medicine and occupational health, so in this article, a review of the latest Changes to the Biological Monitoring Guidelines for Lead Exposed Employees We review recruitment, periodic, and termination surveys.

This study aimed to investigate high-risk occupations and prevent and control lead exposure complications prevent and control lead exposure complications in work environments. GoogleScholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases from 1980 to 2021, and CDC, ACOEM, OSHA, WHO, and ATSDR guidelines were examined by thematic search method. 4 articles and 11 guidelines were selected and used in writing this article. 

Studies have shown that many businesses, including manufacturers of lead-acid batteries, ammunition, paints, ceramic glazes, etc., are exposed to lead and its health effects.

To control and prevent the complications caused by exposure to lead, all workers who have occupational exposure to lead should be examined at the beginning of employment and periodically at regular intervals.