zahra karimzadeh

Self-efficacy and self-concept are psychological factors that affect the results of surgery and the recovery of patients. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of psychological intervention based on mobile applications in improving the self-efficacy and self-concept of laparoscopic cholecystectomy candidates.

In this semi-experimental study, 60 candidates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Shahrekord in 2022 were divided into two groups using permutation blocks. The intervention group used a psychological intervention based on a mobile application for two months, and the control group received only the usual hospital care. Data were collected using two questionnaires, the general self-efficacy of Sherer and the self-concept of Rogers in three stages, before, immediately, and two months after the intervention, and analyzed with descriptive statistics parameters and inferential statistics tests.

Before the intervention, the average self-efficacy score in the intervention and control groups was 62.70 ± 9.30 and 59.50 ± 7.22, respectively, and the average self-concept score in the intervention and control groups was 10.69 ± 3.45 and 10.63 ± 3.19, respectively, that no was statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of self-efficacy (P = 0.14) and self-concept (P = 0.13). But, immediately after the intervention, the average score of self-efficacy (P = 0.04) and self-concept (P = 0.04) had a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Also, two months after the intervention, the difference in the two groups' mean self-efficacy scores (P = 0.01) and self-concept (P = 0.01) was significant.

Psychological intervention based on mobile application can be used as an effective intervention to improve the self-efficacy and self-concept of laparoscopic cholecystectomy candidates.

This study aims to investigate the effect of psychological intervention based on the mobile application on the anxiety level of laparoscopic cholecystectomy candidates.

This semi-experimental was conducted on 60 laparoscopic cholecystectomy candidates in 2022 in Shahrekord. The participants were randomly divided into control and test groups using the block randomization method. The test group received a psychological intervention based on a mobile application installed on their mobile phones and used for two months. The control group received usual hospital care only. Data were collected before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention using the Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics (chisquare, Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test) were used to analyze the data in SPSS 24 software.

Before the intervention, the average scores for state anxiety in the test and control groups were 45.97 ± 11.71 and 46.00 ± 11.10, respectively. The average scores for trait anxiety were 43.60 ± 10.24 and 44.37 ± 10.55 in the test and control groups, respectively. There were no significant statistical differences between the groups regarding state anxiety (P = 0.99) and trait anxiety (P = 0.78). However, immediately after the intervention, the test group showed significantly lower scores for state anxiety (P = 0.01) and trait anxiety (P = 0.04). Additionally, two months after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the average scores for state anxiety (P = 0.03) and trait anxiety (P = 0.02) between the two groups.

Psychological intervention based on a mobile application can be an efficient and costeffective way to manage anxiety in cholecystectomy candidates.

Spatial changes in soil properties are significantly influenced by factors affecting soil formation such as topography. Topography can create different properties in the soil by affecting the spatial distribution of effective environmental parameters. Topographic features such as contour, slope direction by affecting soil temperature, evaporation capacity, soil moisture, soil organic matter, precipitation, movement and accumulation of soil solution can affect the biological properties of soil. Respiration of soil microorganisms is one of the most sensitive and important biological properties that can affect soil quality. To study the impact of land use change on soil ecosystem performance due to human activities, it is necessary to maintain and restore soil capacity to provide ecosystem services. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of slope and height classes on soil microbial respiration in agricultural, rangeland and forest areas of Khanghah Namin village.

In order to conduct this research, in the fall, samples of intact and untouched soil from the study area were prepared in 72 points by regular networking method with distances of about 200 meters. Common physical and chemical properties of soil including soil pH, electrical conductivity, equivalent total calcium carbonate, organic matter, soil texture (percentage of sand, silt and clay particles) and total porosity were measured. From soil biomarkers, basal microbial respiration and substrate-stimulated respiration were determined. Kriging geo statistical method was used to estimate and determine the spatial distribution and evaluate some soil properties as well as cumulative soil quality indicators. For this purpose, the geographical coordinates of each point of the GPS device were transferred to GIS software. After recording the data of the sampled points, the interpolation command was executed and the information of the non-sampled points was obtained. In order to explain the spatial similarity of the variables, the experimental variogram of the data was obtained using GS + statistical software and the best variogram model was selected according to the variogram information. Finally, the distribution map of soil biological indicators was extracted using GIS and Kriging geo statistical methods. The correlation between the measured and estimated values of soil biological properties was calculated and evaluated in SPSS19 statistical software. Experimental factors included three land uses (namely, agriculture, rangeland and forest), slope direction at two levels (north and south) and two elevations (<1580 <) in terms of significant mean difference in field moisture. Normalization of data was performed by Shapiro-Wilk (1965) test using SPSS19 software. Mean comparison was performed unpaired by T-Test using SPSS19 statistical software. Pearson correlation between soil microbial base respiration and substrate-stimulated respiration with other soil properties was obtained in SPSS19 software.

The results of the descriptive statistics of the soil properties showed that most of the soils in the study area have a loam soil texture class. The pH value of the samples was in the range of 5.7.7, the percentage of organic carbon was 0.6.6 % and calcium carbonate value was from 0.67 % to 16.67 %. The maximum electrical conductivity (EC) was less than 2 ds/m of Siemens per meter, indicating the non-saline soils of the area. Also, the high levels of average microbial base respiratory and the substrate induced respiration were 1.21 and 7.5, respectively. High correlation between the properties of soil organic carbon percentage, porosity percentage, silt percentage, farm moisture percentage and soil pH with base microbial respiration and substrate induced respiration with clay, sand and electrical conductivity of the soil were not significant. The farm moisture had the highest hydraulic soil with the lowest correlation with microbial respiration. In general, the average base and substrate induced respiration was higher on the height contour (1580<). Also, both base and substrate induced respiration in accordance with elevation had a significant mean difference at 5 %. In the present study, the studied slope on the north and southern slopes on the base microbial respiration level at 5 % probability level and substrate induced respiration with the probability level of 1 % was significantly different. The highest amount of these indicators was measured on the northern slope of the area and the lowest in the south slope of the southern south slope located mostly in the center to the northeast of the area and the northern slopes in the southern and northern parts of the area. It is maintained that the cause can be attributed to the existence of heights and solar radiation on the southern slopes. To determine the distribution of soil biological indexes at the level of the study area, the distribution of the area's biological properties of the area was prepared by applying the Kriging method. The best model for drawing soil base respiration map was selected for substrate induced respiration with the largest soil bed based on the highest R2, the range of impact, the least RSS and the effect of the piece. The largest amount of soil respiration was observed by the base respiration and irritated respiration in the north and northeast of the area. It is also observed that as the height of the area increases from west to east, basic respiration is generally stimulated with a relatively increased trend. The results show that there is a significant correction in both characteristics of measured and estimated values ​​by the Kriging internalization method.

In this study, the amount of basal and bed-stimulated respiration in forest lands was significantly higher than rangeland and agricultural lands. Between rangeland and agricultural uses, the amount of soil microbial respiration in agricultural lands was lower. Due to the fact that this area is a tourist destination and there are local livestock, this finding can be attributed to transportation, high human and livestock activity at lower altitudes, and agricultural and pasture use, which are more exposed to these activities. The microbial respiration values ​​in the northern direction of the slope were significantly higher than in the southern direction. The southern slopes received more solar energy than the northern slopes. Usually in the south-facing slopes, the number and activity of soil microbial community is low due to high temperature, low water, low porosity and adverse consequences due to inadequate vegetation. In addition, a significant mean difference was observed in the northern and southern directions of the slope. Also, the increase in altitude due to the relative increase in humidity and decrease in temperature led to an increase in microbial respiration. This issue can significantly affect the activity and respiration of soil microorganisms by affecting soil processes and its development as well as the amount of vegetation in the two slopes. According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the evaluation of biological properties that was discussed can play a prominent role in controlling the management factors in the area. Large changes in soil respiration indices are probably due to the high sensitivity of these properties to human factors such as tillage operations and the use of chemical fertilizers, which cause changes in soil surface uniformity. The zoning map of these two features also confirmed this. The results showed a logical correlation between soil microbial respiration and other characteristics that the existence of a correlation between soil properties indicates a strong relationship between them. Geo-statistical science in this study was able to estimate the properties well. The results of this study showed that in the studied area, biological indicators depend on the position of the landscape and land use, and these factors can affect the structure, development and evolution of soil by affecting the structure of the microbial community.

Sofosbuvir is a potent direct-acting antivirus agent that has been listed as a promising medicine for the treatment of all genotypes of hepatitis C virus. As antiviral drugs could be metabolized to their associated compounds and toxicologically and pharmacologically interfere with the parent drugs, identifying the therapeutic range of drugs would be notable.

In the current study, copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are synthesized during the reduction of copper nitrate with hydrazine hydrate in a protected media and used as a nanoprobe for the determination of sofosbuvir in plasma samples. Herein, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) is used for monitoring of fluorescence variation of nanoprobe owing to the excessive benefits compared with the traditional fluorescence.

SFS peak of Cu NCs has appeared at 355 nm with ∆λ=80 nm which is decreased in the presence of sofosbuvir. To optimize the reaction factors, a response surface methodology is used and in the optimized conditions, a linear concentration-response plot is obtained in a range of 0.05-6.0 µg mL−1 with a limit of detection of 0.0147 µg mL−1.

The developed method also reveals good repeatability and selectivity for sofosbuvir in plasma samples.

The ability of soil to provide products in the ecosystem, protect soil and water and perform its environmental functions reflects the quality and health of the soil. Soil health is an index for assessing soil functions such as crop production and growth of microorganisms. Soil health is affected by soilchr('39')s physical, chemical, and biological properties, and its integrated evaluation needs to consider the collective effect of these characteristics. In this study, to present the cumulative soil health index, an integrated quality index (IQI) and Nemero quality index (NQI) were used. These indices are designed initially to assess soil quality, but they are used to assess soil health in this study. To determine these Indices, the most important characteristics affecting soil health were determined by the PCA method.

In this study, 72 soil samples were taken from 208 hectares in the Khaneghah Namin area of Ardabil province, which included 19 samples of agricultural lands and 53 samples of rangelands. In each soil sample, 16 physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil (pH, EC, organic carbon, percentage of lime, percentage of sand, silt and clay, porosity, bulk density, the population of soil microorganisms, basic microbial respiration, microbial respiration Substrate stimulated, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, biomass carbon to organic carbon ratio and metabolic fraction) were determined as total data set (TDS). Among these properties, five factors were obtained as minimum data set (MDS) using PCA. Then, soil health indices were calculated based on the two methods of the integrated quality index (IQI) and Nemero quality index (NQI), and using two TDS and MDS data sets. The significant correlation of indices calculated by TDS with MDS (Correlation of IQITDS with IQIMDS and NQITDS with NQIMDS) confirmed the efficiency of selected MDS to determine the soil health indices. Also, the difference of soil health indices between agricultural and rangelands was compared by a non-paired t-test. 

Results :

Based on PCA results, five biological and physical soil properties were selected as the minimum data set. These properties include basal soil respiration, soil biomass carbon, soil biomass nitrogen, bulk density, and total soil porosity as the most important characteristics affecting soil health. In IQI index for a combination of soil properties as an integrated index, weighted scores of properties calculated. For scoring the soil properties used from fuzzy membership functions that scoring between 0-1. The commonality of properties is divided by the sum of commonalities in a data set to weighting the properties. The results showed that IQITDS and IQIMDS soil health indices rated the regionchr('39')s soils as grade II, while NQITDS and NQIMDS indices ranked the soils as grade IV. A significant correlation was obtained between the indicators calculated with TDS and MDS in the region and rangeland and agricultural land use. The average IQITDS, IQIMDS, NQITDS, and NQIMDS indices in the rangeland were 0.71, 0.67, 0.03, and 0.082, respectively. The indices in agricultural fields were 0.66, 0.66, 0.027, and 0.08, respectively. The mean comparison between two land-use shows that IQITDS and NQITDS have a significant difference, and IQIMDS and NQIMDS do not have a significant difference. These results show that rangelands have significantly more soil health in comparison to agricultural lands. Also, these results show that the integrated quality index (IQI) is more suitable for evaluating soil health in comparison to nemero quality index (NQI). 

This study shows that the PCA method had efficient in selecting the most important characteristics that affect soil health. Qi et al. (2009) and Shahab et al. (2018) confirmed the PCA efficiency in MDS selection. It was also observed that the use of soil biological properties in determining the cumulative indices of IQI and NQI could lead to better modeling of soil quality and health so that most of the characteristics selected as MDS by PCA are the biological characteristics. Zhou et al. (2020) reported that the use of soil biological properties as indicators of soil health could be used to detect soil degradation. Comparison of soil health between agricultural and rangeland showed that cumulative indicators with TDS data could provide a better index for evaluating land use impact on soil health.

Description is a major and effective part of poetry. Its role is more obvious in epic works because of its unbreakable bond with this genre. A poet can show his art by imagery, through creativity and by the use of specific language features. In this regard, analyzing description as a feature in poetry, especially in epics, is important. Khodavand Nameh is a religious epic in which many descriptions are used. This shows the great awareness and attention of Saba, the author, to description as well as his ability and accuracy in the use of this technique. All of Saba's descriptions are of an epic type related to martial scenes. His descriptions are both objective and subjective. He has applied various adjectives in his work. In this article, Saba's descriptions are analyzed from different points of view such as grammar and imagery of persons, nature, battles, and lyrical and martial situations.

 Terpenoids are produced by a wide variety of plants, animals and microorganisms, which effectively plays a role in the survival of the organisms by means of functional, defensive and communicational attitudes.

 The main purpose of the present study was isolation and elucidation of the natural terpenoids from the aerial parts of Tripleurospermum disciforme (Compositae/Asteraceae family).

 The phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of T. disciforme was carried out by various chromatographical methods such as column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The major compounds were purified and their structures were established by using nuclear magnetic resonance and electron impact mass spectroscopic data. Moreover, the cytotoxic ability of the isolated compounds were measured on the human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and the mouse skin fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164) cell lines by using MTT assay. Molecular docking studies of the specialized metabolites were performed with Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, CDK2 accompanied by tubulin proteins using AutoDock Vina.

 Three triterpenoids including (1) taraxasterol; (2) lupeol; and (3) betulinic acid were isolated and elucidated. Our cytotoxic results exhibited that compound 2 could be considered as an anti-tumor component with an IC50 value of 3.2 µM on WEHI-164 cell lines. Likewise, 3 displayed the potent cytotoxic activity, with an IC50 value of 5.6 μM on AGS cell lines. It is noteworthy to mention that the triterpenes 1 - 3, newly reported in T. disciforme impacted on the prevention of tubulin polymerization because of the strong interaction with the vinblastine binding site of tubulin.

 Our data suggested that the isolated triterpenoides from T. disciforme possess anti-tumor properties, and may be included among the effective natural anti-tumors.
 

Given the multiplicity of Arab groups in Iran's universities, the limited number of rhetorical books in seminaries and universities, and the extent of teaching some of these books despite their shortcomings, it is necessary to find new and, as yet, Shiite religious sources. In this regard, the present study aims at introducing and reviewing the book 'Al-Burhan fi wojoh al-Bayan' by Isaac bin Wahab –e- Kateb and comparing it with his contemporary books and current books, especially the book 'Jawaher al Balaghah' by Sayyed Ahmad Hashemi, and reminds the value of this Shiite book. There is not much research about this book. This research has been done using comparative method and using library resources, and mentioned the advantages of this book, the unique method of the author and some of its shortcomings. 

In recent years, more attention was dedicated to developing new methods for designing of drug delivery systems. The aim of present work is to improve the efficiency of the antibacterial drug delivery process, and to realize and to control accurately the release. First, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared according to the modified Hummers method then the GO was modified with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and Zn-based metal-organic framework (MOF-5) through the solvothermal technique. Performing the various analysis methods including scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), EDX, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Zeta potentials on the obtained bio-nanocomposite showed that the new modified GO has been prepared. With using common analysis methods the structure of synthesized materials was determined and confirmed and finally, their antibacterial behavior was examined based on the broth microdilution methods. Carboxymethylcellulose/MOF-5/GO bio-nanocomposite (CMC/MOF-5/GO) was successfully synthesized through the solvothermal technique. Tetracycline (TC) was encapsulated in the GO and CMC/MOF-5/GO. The drug release tests showed that the TC-loaded CMC/MOF5/GO has an effective protection against stomach pH. With controlling the TC release in the gastrointestinal tract conditions, the long-time stability of drug dosing was enhanced. Furthermore, antibacterial activity tests showed that the TC-loaded CMC/MOF-5/GO has an antibacterial activity to negatively charge E. coli bacteria in contrast to TC-loaded GO.

The aim of this study is to compare quality of life¡ happiness and self-esteem in athlete and non-athlete deaf girls of Tehran.
This is a retrospective-comparative research. Population of study includes all high school deaf students in Tehran. The sample consisted of 51 athlete deaf students and 52 non athlete deaf students. The subjects were selected by cluster random from schools of Tehran. The following tools are used for collecting data: quality of life questionnaire (36-SF) happiness questionnaire (OHI) & Self-esteem Questionnaire Coppersmith (SEI).
The results showed that quality of life¡ happiness and self-esteem of athlete deaf girls were significantly different from non-athlete deaf girls.
This study showed that the mean score of quality of life¡ happiness and self-esteem of athlete deaf girls is significantly more than non athlete deaf girls. This finding indicates the impact of exercise and regular physical activity in non-deaf girls. Therefore¡ persistent exercise is suggested for deaf students.

One of the paramount importance and serious problems for commanders in military units are the aggressions of the duty or under the affair personnel. The aim of this article is to find the effectiveness of Metacognitive Therapies on reduction of physical and verbal aggression of duty personnel of training and education center martyr Feizollah Amani of Nezaja army in year 1393. For this purpose, 40 persons of duty personnel’s referred to Consultancy inspection Services Branch of this centre, has been selected by means of random sampling randomized into two groups (Group MCT and control) at the same volume (20 cases). That Buss and Perry exams were used on the organized interviews by clinical psychologist, in both pre-test and post-test on the multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) that was conducted on the data showed: Metacognitive therapy was effective on reduction of physical and verbal aggression of duty personnel. These interventions, with replacing of the patterns of cognitive and behavioural adaptation in these people, enable them to have extensive and appropriate behaviour when facing situations, therefore use of psychological interventions, particularly individual interventions, aggression could be reduced on duty personnel.