جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مدیریت بحران" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

One of the strategies for crisis management is spatial analysis and identification of vulnerable areas to reduce damages caused by environmental hazards. The aim of this research is to examine and analyze the preventive role of crisis management in reducing casualties resulting from earthquakes in District 2 of Tehran. This research is applied in nature and employs an exploratory-analytical method. The data and information were collected through documentary and field methods. Data analysis was conducted using ArcGIS software and the TOPSIS model. The study area encompasses the nine districts of District 2 in Tehran. For vulnerability zoning and crisis management, indicators such as the size and dimensions of parcels, building quality, population density, distance from fault lines, and green space availability were utilized. The findings indicate that among the nine districts in District 2 of Tehran, based on the studied indicators, Districts 3, 5, 6, and 8 are the most vulnerable, while Districts 1, 2, 4, and 7 exhibit the least vulnerability. According to the TOPSIS model, the criterion of lack of structural resistance during an earthquake, with a score of 0.6842, has ranked at the top of the evaluated criteria. Therefore, for preventive actions and crisis management aimed at reducing vulnerability before an earthquake occurs, it is essential to prioritize the development of open and green spaces, establishment of crisis management centers, control of population growth in the districts, and enhancement of urban structure modernization and reinforcement.

This study seeks to address the question: What are the characteristics of regional crises in Southwest Asia, and how can the foundations for regional security and stability be established? The research method is content analysis, utilizing Stephen Walt’s theory of the balance of threat and multilateral cooperation, which is based on collective defense mechanisms to strengthen deterrence against crisis-causing actors. Strategic policy-making in the age of regional crises and a turbulent environment requires an understanding of the ontological and epistemological factors of crisis, conflict, and confrontation. In the post-Cold War years, signs of security challenges in various geographical domains have emerged, leaving their mark in the form of crises, conflicts, security tensions, and terrorism. Any strategic policy-making to confront such threats can be based on tactical multilateralism. The main reason for employing such measures lies in the constant chaos and instability in the global system. In such a situation, structural changes in the international system and the regional environment are considered the main factors for the expansion of crises. In the current context, where signs of global disorder have appeared, decentralized actors are perceived as the primary source of organized and escalating conflicts across various geographical regions, especially from Southwest Asia to the Eastern Mediterranean. In this conflict-ridden environment, the lack of structural action by states has created a breeding ground for the emergence of threats and decentralized actors. The rise of proxy actors, strategic and geopolitical identity, along with signs of unending disorder in international politics, has led to escalating crises and security conflicts for regional states and major powers. These signs prevent the realization of stability, balance, organized action, and predictability among nations and emerging political forces. Multilateralism becomes essential in situations where signs of a "volatile balance" have emerged, resulting in the instability of regional actors.

In recent decades, earthquakes have been accompanied by an increase in casualties worldwide in the past hundred years, and in Iran, these casualties have led to about a six percent increase in death and destruction. Therefore, cities, as the sites of these incidents, are of great importance, and enhancing post-earthquake resilience in urban areas is highly significant. Region 1 of Tehran, due to its location on a fault line and various urban challenges, is considered one of the vulnerable areas to earthquakes in the city of Tehran, facing resilience challenges such as high concentration of high-rise buildings, lack of open spaces, and weaknesses in crisis management compared to other areas of Tehran. The aim of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Region 1 to earthquakes with a focus on resilience.

This research is considered applied in nature and utilizes survey research for data collection, and in terms of data nature, it is quantitative research. The main data collection tool for this research is the TOPSIS questionnaire, which has been adjusted based on the research background and preliminary studies of researchers in the field to align with the conditions and requirements of local management services. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts in the field of crisis management and urban planning, with a sample size of 50 individuals based on Cochran's formula. The present study utilizes the mean test in SPSS software and employs the TOPSIS decision-making method in MATLAB software to measure the level of resilience in the regions of Region 1.

The research findings indicated that based on urban resilience indicators, five analyzed indicators had the least resilience in both the physical-environmental and institutional dimensions in each region. Ultimately, the results showed that Regions 1, 9, and 8 faced the lowest level of urban resilience against earthquakes in the Region 1 areas.

Introduction :

Since it is impossible to accurately predict an earthquake’s time and severity, preventive measures are of particular importance to reduce its destructive effects and enhance the city’s resilience to crises. Pre-crisis management measures in various physical, institutional, social, and economic dimensions can be used to prepare for and improve the city’s situation in the face of earthquakes. These measures include enhancing urban structures, increasing the efficiency and readiness of crisis management institutions, strengthening social networks and social solidarity, and creating appropriate economic conditions to deal with possible earthquake damage. The importance of adopting these measures becomes more apparent in circumstances where experiences show that after an earthquake, access to financial resources, institutional cohesion, social preparedness, and the existence of resilient infrastructure are vital factors in reducing casualties, accelerating the reconstruction process, and preventing further damage to urban society. Therefore, scientific examination and evaluation of these measures play a key role in improving urban resilient structures and are considered a guide for urban managers and policymakers in prioritising preventive measures. Given the high risks of earthquakes in high-risk areas of Iran, examining pre-crisis management measures is a national necessity that can help reduce human and financial losses and ensure sustainable development and security of communities. This study can provide a platform for improving the level of urban preparedness. Ahram City in Bushehr province, as an example of an earthquake-prone city, has specific conditions for applying these management measures and increasing resilience. The main objective of this study is to investigate and analyse the impact of pre-crisis management measures on improving the physical, institutional, social, and economic resilience of Ahram City in Bushehr province to deal with earthquakes more effectively; therefore, the main question is how do pre-crisis management measures affect the improvement of the resilience of this city against earthquakes?

The present study was descriptive-analytical and field observations, aiming to provide a comprehensive basis for more detailed analysis in the next stages. In the second stage, the sample size was selected, and in this regard, the statistical population of this study was experts and specialists in the field of crisis management who have sufficient knowledge and experience in urban resilience. Experts and specialists were selected to collect information. Based on the Delphi technique and the observation of the principle of theoretical saturation, 25 people were considered an appropriate sample size. In the third stage, a questionnaire was designed. The opinions collected from the questionnaire constituted the main data of this study. In the fourth step, SPSS software was used to analyse the collected data. Data analysis was carried out using regression and path analysis methods to determine the relationship between pre-crisis management measures and various dimensions of urban resilience (physical, institutional, social, and economic). Regression was used as a method to examine the impact of independent variables on resilience, and path analysis was used to understand the causal relationships between variables. The methodology used provided the necessary tools for scientific analysis and explanation of the data. The data and analyses resulting from this process will be the basis for providing practical suggestions for improving resilience and crisis management in Ahram City.

Urban resilience to earthquakes is of great importance, especially for cities like Ahram that are exposed to earthquake hazards. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of pre-crisis management measures on various dimensions of the city’s resilience. The results show that with appropriate planning and actions, the city’s economic, social, physical, and institutional conditions can be improved, and its preparedness for earthquakes can be increased. These findings provide a basis for providing more precise and practical suggestions so that Ahram can be more prepared and resilient to earthquake hazards. The results of this study show that in Ahram city, pre-crisis management measures have a significant impact on promoting urban resilience to earthquakes. The findings indicate that the four dimensions of economic, social, physical, and institutional resilience, each with its own mechanisms, strengthen the city’s resilience and help the lever to be more prepared in the face of an earthquake. Among these dimensions, the economic dimension has the greatest impact on the resilience of the lever. This finding shows that the city’s economic recovery and sustainability, especially through the creation of economic infrastructure and financial support for local businesses, plays a key role in increasing resilience. Allocating emergency funds and strengthening economic capabilities allows the city to proceed with the reconstruction process more quickly and efficiently after the crisis. The social dimension also has a significant impact on the resilience of the lever. In this city, increasing public awareness and preparedness is of great importance. Local social networks, social solidarity, and active citizen participation can strengthen the city’s preparedness to face an earthquake. Therefore, implementing educational programs, raising awareness, and conducting relief exercises among the people can improve social resilience and reduce the damage caused by the crisis. Aharm’s physical infrastructure also needs further strengthening and improvement. Resilient and sustainable buildings and developing safe public spaces, especially emergency shelters, can increase the city’s physical resilience. Given that Aharm is located in an earthquake-prone area, paying attention to construction standards and creating resilient infrastructure is a vital part of preventive measures to reduce the effects of earthquakes. Finally, the institutional dimension is also effective as a complementary dimension in Aharm’s resilience. Strengthening institutions related to crisis management, increasing coordination and empowerment of local organisations, and creating comprehensive crisis management plans will allow the city to act more efficiently and coherently during times of crisis. Developing and strengthening institutional capacity not only enables a faster response to a crisis but also enhances the city’s overall resilience by building public trust in its ability to manage the crisis.

Based on the research results, it is recommended that policymakers and city managers in Aharem give greater priority to planning and investing in economic, educational, and physical resilience and strengthening crisis management institutions. These measures can increase the city’s preparedness for earthquakes, reduce the destructive effects, and help Aharem return to normal conditions more quickly after the crisis.

Contagious diseases have been one of the most important factors threatening human life, both in peacetime and wartime. In order to protect and guarantee as much as possible the right to life and the right to health of individuals, international law has predicted various obligations for governments in the field of crisis management caused by infectious diseases. In the meantime, children are more physically and psychologically vulnerable than other population groups due to not having enough understanding of the dangers around them during a crisis caused by an epidemic of infectious diseases. This research has examined the issues and international obligations of governments in managing the crisis caused by infectious diseases in the children's demographic group, and addressed the challenges they face in this field. The findings of this article show that some governments have neglected to implement some of their international obligations and their performance in managing the crisis caused by children's infectious diseases has not been very favorable and effective, and it needs other new measures and policies that This research has been investigated.

The role of fire departments in helping people in need is essential. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship of job performance with career adaptability and job commitment in employees of the Fire Department in Qom, Iran.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. Participants were 60 employees of the Fire Department In Qom Province, Iran, who were selected by simple random sampling method. Four questionnaires were used to collect data: Song et al.’s career adapt-ability scale, Blau & Boal’s job commitment scale, Irawanto et al.’s job satisfaction scale, and Sony & Mekoth’s job performance scale. The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling with a partial least squares approach in Warp PLS software, version 7.0.

Job commitment had a significant relationship with job satisfaction (t=0.687, P<0.001). The relationship of career adaptability with job satisfaction was not significant (P=0.087). The relationship of job satisfaction with job performance was significant (t=0.321, P=0.004). The relationship of job commitment with job performance mediated by job satisfaction was significant (t=0.221, P<0.001). The relationship of career adaptability with job performance was not significant even after mediation by job satisfaction (P>0.05).

Job commitment in employees of the Fire Department In Qom Province has no significant direct relationship with their job performance; however, it has an indirect significant relationship with their job performance after mediation by job satisfaction. Their career adaptability has no significant relationship with job satisfaction. There is no significant relationship between career adaptability and job performance in fire department employees, even after mediation by job satisfaction.

Discovering the causes of aviation accidents and their prevention as well as solving aircraft design and construction defects are needed to prevent aviation accidents in the future. The present study aims to investigate the dynamics of the aviation accident management system in Iran and identify prevention policies.

In this study, a dynamic model for the aviation accident management system of Iran was designed based on the opinions of policy-makers and aviation experts. After validation, the model was simulated for a 20-year time horizon. According to the Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis results, the aviation accident prevention policies were identified based on three strategies: Development of the country’s aircraft fleet, standardization and improvement of flight safety, and development of pilots’ flight competencies. After applying the policies of each strategy separately on the tested model, the results were compared.

The identified policies included: 1. Financing and budget allocation for aircraft fleet development and purchasing new aircraft to reduce the obsolete fleet by 50% in 5 years, 2. Supporting the aircraft industries in the country and transferring advanced technologies to the country in contracts, 3.) Improving the standards of flight planning and existing aircraft, 4. Increasing the monitoring of flight planning implementation quality according to international standards, 5. Using the aircraft development financial resources for the development of flight safety equipment, 6. Investigating the causes of aviation accidents and implementing risk assessment tests according to national guidelines (CAD 1119), 7. Increasing the productivity of aviation higher education courses and improving the competences of pilots and 8. Increasing the monitoring of pilots’ physical and mental fitness for flight. 

The proposed dynamics model of the aviation accident management system in Iran is an efficient model according to the data of national and international civil aviation organizations.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented shock to many industries in the world, including food industries. They were forced to make fundamental changes in their business strategies to maintain their survival and competitive position. The identification of these crisis management strategies can be useful for making efficient and effective decisions in the future. Therefore, this study aims to identify crisis management strategies of small businesses active in the food industry in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a descriptive-survey mixed-method study. In the qualitative phase, participants were 15 experts who underwent interviews continued until reaching theoretical data saturation. They were selected using a snowball sampling method. In the quantitative phase, participants were 314 supervisors and senior and middle-level managers of organizations active in food production in Iran, who were selected using a cluster random sampling method. They completed a researcher-made questionnaire.

Ten crisis management strategies in three general categories of crisis strategies, survival strategies, and resilience strategies were identified. Crisis strategies included “reduction”, “integration and communication”, and “development and endurance”. Survival strategies were “chasing after competitors”, “infrastructure preparation”, and “strategic planning and orientation”. Resilience strategies were “work-related”, “financial”, “marketing”, and “human resource empowerment” strategies. 

The small businesses active in the food industry in Iran used different crisis, survival and resilience strategies during the pandemic to maintain their activities. Attention to these effective strategies is recommended to properly cope with future crises in the food industry.

The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model of the role of organizational communication in crisis situations with a systemic approach. A systematic approach provides a framework for problem solving by creating a holistic, comprehensive and systematic approach to establishing appropriate communication in crisis situations, which leads to the efficiency of the communication system, controlling the feedback of activities and making appropriate decisions by managers. The present study is descriptive-survey in terms of data collection and developmental in terms of purpose that was conducted in two steps. In the first step, by reviewing previous theories and researches, related dimensions and components were extracted and the initial conceptual model was designed. In the second step, the proposed model was evaluated by key experts and informants. The statistical population of the study included professors, managers and experts in the fields of crisis management and communications in the executive organs of Khorasan Razavi province who were selected by purposive sampling. The number of these people was 52 and with 87% participation, 45 questionnaires were collected. Data analysis was performed first by normality test and then using t-test in SPSS software. The results of the research led to the identification of the most important dimensions and components and the design of a model for the role of organizational communication in crisis situations with a systematic approach. Finally, some suggestions were made for the effectiveness of this process is presented.

Cold supply chain management is a set of controls on the production and distribution of products to keep them in a safe temperature range from production to the final consumer. The current research is quantitative in terms of approach and has been carried out using a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the present study includes 220 commanders and senior managers of the Armed Forces Health Department. To determine the sample size, Morgan's table was used and due to the wide and geographical spread, 140 people were selected consciously, purposefully and available from the community, and finally 120 people completed and delivered it. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha tests, and its composite reliability and validity were confirmed through content validity and convergent validity. For data analysis, structural equations were used with SmartPLS-3 software. The findings of the research show that the supply of health and treatment items with a path coefficient of 0.681, pharmaceutical quality and safety with a path coefficient of 0.802, locating and storing medicine with a path coefficient of 0.727, cold transportation of medicine with a path coefficient of 0.596 and distribution Cold medicine with a path coefficient of 0.810 has a positive and significant effect on the supply chain management and cold medicine distribution of the armed forces during crises and natural disasters. These results can help the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in responding appropriately to crises and natural disasters and providing medical and health aid to the victims.effect on the management of the supply and cold distribution of the armed forces during crises and natural disasters. These results can help the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in responding appropriately to crises and natural disasters and providing medical and health aid to the victims.

Health is among the important aspects of life, which is directly associated with the medical staff working at healthcare centers. Accordingly, the present study mainly aims to investigate the semantic perception and interpretation of 115 emergency medical services (EMS) staff about job satisfaction and influential factors. The present research is applied in terms of objective, descriptive in terms of methodology and grounded theory-based qualitative in terms of nature. The statistical population includes all 115 EMS staff in Hormozgan Province in 2021. In total, 21 participants are selected using purposive convenience sampling method. A semi-structured interview is used as a data collection tool. Also, three methods of control or validation by members, analytical comparison and audit technique are employed to obtain validity. The data are collected by the contextual theory and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Factors like work difficulty, unbalanced employee benefits, job facilities and equipment and job alienation are identified as causal factors. Epidemics management, job insecurity, responsibility and authority delegation and organizational promotion conditions are introduced as underlying conditions. Job support, relaxing work environment and providing tools and facilities are identified as strategies. Factors, including lack of motivation, apathy, working insufficiently and failure to take care of patients properly are known as consequences, and violence, insecurity and unrealistic expectations are introduced as intervening factors.

Natural Drought, a natural phenomenon that ranks foremost among all natural disasters in its impact on communities, demands a comprehensive study utilizing appropriate drought indices given its significance and detrimental effects on diverse regions, including Iran. Effective drought management strategies hinge on accurate identification of drought periods using suitable indices. Saravan County has experienced recurrent droughts in recent years, with severe consequences for agriculture, water resources, and socioeconomic conditions. Identifying drought's effects on environmental sustainability in this county and proposing effective measures to mitigate environmental degradation is crucial. This study employed eight drought indices to assess drought severity in Saravan County: Decile Precipitation Index (DPI), Percent of Normal Precipitation Index (PNPI), Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Water Supply Index (SWSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Crop Moisture Index (CMI), Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI),Effective Drought Index (EDI). The analysis revealed that areas experiencing drought conditions occupy the most extensive area in the region, with this category spanning vast areas in the central, western, northwestern, and eastern parts. The severe drought category encompasses a portion of the northern and northeastern region. The findings highlight the need for adopting a comprehensive approach to drought management in Saravan County, incorporating multiple drought indices to accurately assess drought severity and implement effective mitigation strategies. By understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of drought, policymakers and stakeholders can develop targeted interventions to safeguard the region's agricultural productivity, water resources, and environmental sustainability.

Conducting continuous research in the areas of crises and disasters is one of the ways to develop the science of crisis management. Among various natural disasters such as earthquakes that threaten Iran, logistics is considered as one of the most important factors of crisis control. On the other hand, logistics in crisis can be divided into two main parts: strong support and transportation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of intelligent transportation in crisis management. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of the intelligent transportation system in reducing and controlling the effects of earthquakes in Tehran.

This research is qualitative in terms of its purpose in the field of exploratory and applied research, in terms of the implementation process, and inductive in terms of the type of reasoning. After library study and theoretical literature collection, semi-structured interviews were used to collect field information. The expert community of the current research consisted of 18 experts in the fields of intelligence, passive defense and transportation. The snowball method was used to select experts and thematic analysis method was used to analyze the interviews. For this purpose, the text of the interviews was coded and analyzed using MAXQUDA 2020 software.

For each of the codes, a label was selected and then the sub-topics that had the most conceptual affinity were put together and appropriate meanings and words were created. In other words, the sub-themes were classified in the format of the main ones. Based on the done coding, indicators and components are presented in the form of a conceptual model in the form of a network of themes.

Based on the results obtained, smart transportation as the focus of research by using smart people, smart equipment and smart processes can play a vital role in natural crisis management.

Organizational resilience in the crisis conditions is one of the important and effective concepts in crisis management for facing natural hazards. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing an organizational resilience education model of crisis management of universal centers to facing with natural hazards and prevention from psychological and social interventions.

The current research was descriptive from type of correlation. The statistical population of this study was all employees of the universities of Karaj city in the 2022-23 academic years with number of 850 people, which according to Cochran's formula the sample size was determined to be 264 people. The samples of this study were selected with the random cluster sampling method and responded the researcher-made questionnaire of organizational resilience of crisis management (125 items) and the data obtained from its implementation were analyzed with the methods of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS-27 and Smart PLS-3 software.Fidnings: The findings of the present research showed that the organizational resilience education of crisis management of universal centers to facing with natural hazards and prevention from psychological and social interventions had 125 items, 12 components and 3 dimensions. The dimensions were include individual (with two components of psychological factors of resilience and creativity and innovation), structural (with six components of resilience planning, adaptive factors, commitment and management, crisis culture, learning culture and leadership and decision-making) and operational (with four components of knowledge use, communications, effective public participation and operational knowledge of resources and equipment). The factor load and average variance extracted of all components were higher than 0.50 and the combined reliability of all of them was higher than 0.80. Also, the organizational resilience education model of crisis management of universal centers to facing with natural hazards and prevention from psychological and social interventions had a good fit and this model on all three individual, structural and operational dimensions and each dimension on its components had a direct and significant effect (P<0.001).

The results of this study about the designed organizational resilience education model of crisis management of universal centers to facing with natural hazards and prevention from psychological and social interventions can help to crisis management specialists and planners to face hazards in order to increase organizational resilience.

Road accidents are one of the most important causes of death across the world, killing many people every year. The aim of the present study is the phenomenological study of the lived experience of ems personnel in assisting the victims of road accidents in the city of Bam. The research method is qualitative and based on phenomenological approach. The statistical population includes all officials and personnel of EMS in this city. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method. The samples include 25 people and its purpose was to achieve theoretical saturation. The data analysis was performed by using open, axial and selective coding. The results demonstrated that inter-organizational inconsistency, ignorance in facing the crisis and equipment-communication weakness are the most important problems experienced in the field of assistance. Moreover, issues such as long distances between the stations, inexperience of some newly recruited personnel, lack of motivation and outdated equipment are among the most important issues and problems of EMS in this city. The overall conclusion of the research indicates that equipping ambulances and medical equipment along with updating the information system such as satellite mobiles and coordination between the traffic, Red Crescent and fire organizations should be prioritized in road assistance services.

The Security Council has interpreted the concept of international peace and security extensively and extended it to a wide range of issues, including the protection of human rights and the protection of human rights abuses. So that some of its decisions and actions have been beyond the limits of legal authority and competence and incompatible with the objectives of the Charter and human rights obligations and contrary to the standards of international law. The purpose article is to examine the Security Council as an extra-legal body and the shortcomings of its commitment to its obligations and responsibilities in the face of serious human rights violations resulting from Chapter VII and humanitarian interventions. Despite the council's claim of human rights protection, there has been a clear contradiction in its management behavior and performance, which not only has not reduced human rights violations in practice, but has in some cases exacerbated the council's inefficiency. The findings show that non-compliance with the limits and powers and veto power of the permanent members of the Council is one of the most important factors in the failure of the Security Council in resolving human rights issues and managing international crises. Therefore, by adopting a mechanism independent of the political interests of the permanent members and using the veto to strengthen and positive cooperation, we can pave the way for fundamental changes in the behavioral patterns and procedures of the council and proper internal monitoring of its actions and commitment to provided human rights obligations.