coding

Lebanese author Elias Khoury is one of the most famous Arab novelist in the field of fantastic literature. The artistic approach to tense has an active role in creating an intense and complex narrative world, and among the temporal concepts, the techniques of duration have an essential function in creating this world, especially in the novel Abwab al-Madinah (“The Gates of the City”), the short, intense, coded novel. Duration is one of the basic temporal concepts in structural criticism, especially in Gerard Gennet's narrative theory. This study attempts to shed light on the structure of the tense structure of Gates of The City through the use of the concept of duration with its four techniques (the summary the ellipsis, the Pause, and the scene) as theorized by Gennet. These techniques have an essential function in making the novel vague and encrypted. That this novel reduces thousand years of story tense in 112 pages is the best evidence of the skillful artistic employment of tense, especially for the tense duration, and it is the result of a comparison between the chronological tense of the story and the imagined tense of the narrative. Duration, with its four techniques, thereby contributing to the encoding of the novel or decoding this encryption.By summary and ellipsis, the tempo and mystiques of the narrative discourse, is increased, and with the Pause and scene, the speed and mystery of the story is reduced. Also in the implicit ellipses and hypothetical ellipses, sometimes we can see a decrease in tempo and the coding and decoding of the novel mystiques. All in all, since the novel has made good use of its duration techniques, it has been able to greatly increase the tempo of the novel and include the "thousand years" of story or history in a short and mysterious text.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the educational content of multimedia software in the field of cultural tourism texts. In this research, we have tried to evaluate the educational content of cultural tourism texts based on Bloom's revised classification theory. Educational content can play an important role in promoting language learning. According to the objectives of this study, qualitative content analysis was used as a research method. In order to analyze the data, a coding system was defined based on Bloom's classification and the data were coded and then calculated based on Bloom's classification. Chi-Square Test (X2) was used to determine different levels of cognitive and emotional skills. Findings show that the highest dispersion of verbs in pre- and post-reading activities in the field of cognitive learning is at the level of comprehension and less attention is paid to the levels of analysis and evaluation. The results of research in the emotional field show that the highest scatter of verbs at the level of response was more frequent and language learners at this level felt satisfied with the activities and the lowest frequency scatter of verbs was more pronounced at the levels of organization and personality.

This data-driven study aimed at developing a theory on the influential factors making students enroll in MSRT test preparation courses. To meet this purpose, grounded theory was used. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 9 students (6 females, 3 males) who were selected through purposive, theoretical and snowball sampling. Data collection and analysis continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. The coding schemes of grounded theory including open, axial and selective coding yielded a set of categories and subcategories upon which a theoretical model was developed. In this model, "The influential factors making students enroll in MSRT test preparation courses "was found as the core category pulling other categories (i.e., causal conditions, action/interaction category, context-intervening conditions, intermediate category, and outcome category) together as a unified whole. Finally, based on the learner's attitudes and the obtained in-depth interview results, some implications and data-driven suggestions for further research were presented.