coding

In the dynamic and turbulent environment of the automotive industry, leadership development based on a growth approach is considered a key driver of organizational success. This study aims to design a leadership development training program model for managers grounded in the growth approach. In the realm of organizations, management is one of the most influential factors affecting societies. Effective leadership and management are regarded as prerequisites for improving quality within organizations and are seen as the cornerstone of organizational success and employee achievement. In today's volatile and rapidly changing environments, the survival of organizations necessitates continuous organizational transformation, both behaviorally and structurally. This study seeks to present an overview of transformational leadership—recognized as a key leadership dimension that can foster creativity and strategic innovation within organizations—by emphasizing the role of leadership in enhancing innovation. To achieve this objective, experts in the automotive industry holding master's and doctoral degrees at the senior management level were selected as the target population. The research was conducted through the analysis of 14 semi-structured interviews with senior managers in the automotive sector. The data were analyzed in three coding stages—open, axial, and selective—using MAXQDA software. The final model consists of six core components: causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategies, intervening conditions, consequences, and the central phenomenon. Key strategies identified include mentoring, conducting situation-based workshops, and leadership style analysis. This model represents the first localized framework that integrates precise training needs assessments with organizational requirements in the automotive industry.

Yazd province's relative development and its more job opportunities have caused migration to this province and has limited the employment of native labor force in this province. A considerable number of the immigrants and non-native people have sallied forth Yazd province whom are mostly more willing to find a job and occupy in the province. Accordingly, the current study aimed at investigating the causes of not employing native labor force in Yazd province and its effects. The research method in this study was qualitative. The studied society included selected groups of senior and executive managers, human resources managers, business elites and entrepreneurs, employers, human resources specialists and experts, students and graduates in Yazd province. Purposeful sampling continued until reaching theoretical saturation which was achieved by conducting 45 interviews. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Methodological triangulation method was used to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. In this regard, various methods were employed during data collection, such as reviewing documents, interviewing, taking photos and videos, and recording audio. Data analysis was conducted through coding. Based on the findings in open coding of the first stage, 21 concepts were extracted. In the second stage, 7 axial codes were obtained including: "weak performance of organizations in attracting native productive forces", "low share of skilled laborers and engineers to unskilled laborers", "educational-cultural obstacles", "structural obstacles in the development approach of the province", "economic effects", "social effects" and "motivational effects". In addition, 2 selective codes of the causes and effects of not employing native labor force were extracted. Furthermore, a paradigmatic model including causal conditions, intervening conditions, background conditions, interactions, strategies and consequences was formulated. Ultimately, according to the findings, some practical suggestions were recommended in order to improve the condition of the native labor force in Yazd province.

The aim of this study was to present an optimal model for digital media literacy education in primary schools. 

This applied research adopts a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the first phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 21 experts and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods. In the second phase, the developed model was presented to 97 experts, and its validity was confirmed using a questionnaire and the Delphi method. 

The results indicated that the components of digital transfer, usage, and competency, computer fundamentals, basic online skills, word processing skills, spreadsheet skills, database skills, presentation skills, security skills, malware, network security, safe web usage, communication, and secure data management are of high importance. These components were validated by experts, highlighting the necessity of integrating digital literacy into the primary school curriculum. 

This study demonstrates that digital literacy education in primary schools plays a crucial role in empowering students and preparing them for the challenges of the digital world. Integrating digital literacy into the curriculum and conducting training courses for teachers are among the measures that can improve the quality of education and student learning. These findings can help formulate appropriate educational policies to enhance digital literacy in schools.

The aim of this research was to identify factors affecting success of the basketball coaches. To conduct this qualitative research, which was exploratory in nature, the theory of Strauss and Corbin (1998) was used. The participants (n=28) in this study were all experts (coaches, national team players, basketball experts and executive officials) were selected through purposive sampling until reaching saturation of data. Analysis of the data involved three-phase coding, while the Evaluative Criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) consisting of `Credibility,’ `Transferability,’ `Dependability,’ and `Confirmability,’ was used for the reliability and generalization purposes. The initial coding of the research findings yielded 92 codes (concepts) with 302 frequencies. This is while, the axial coding presented 23 sub-categories and eventually five major categories (`The Leadership and Managerial Capabilities,’ `Personality Features,’ `Experience and Track Record of the Coach,’ and `The Cultural and Moral Features of the Coach’) emerged as a result of selective coding. Regarding the research findings, those interested in basketball coaching and the coaches, who wish to get promoted in the field, are suggested to care for personal growth and try to upgrade their capabilities and potential in the afore-mentioned areas. Furthermore, since coaching is a profession like teaching, which deals with educating and training individuals, the federations and even Ministry of Science, Research and Technology are suggested to set up scientific centers to deal with development of coaches, while putting specialized courses, being exclusive to any sports branches, in the educational syllabus; then introducing and referring those, who successfully pass the course, to municipality offices and related organs for practical courses and give them coaching certificates after graduation.

In recent decades, with the emergence of new urban issues and problems, livability has been introduced as a guide to minimize social, economic, physical, environmental, and other issues and problems. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the dimensions and components of urban livability using a meta-synthesis approach. This study is applied-developmental in terms of its objective and employs a qualitative methodology with an emphasis on the meta-synthesis qualitative method. The tools for data collection were library and documentary methods, and its statistical population includes all livability and urban livability studies from 2012 to 2023. The initial articles extracted from database searches totaled 143, of which 30 were excluded due to publication year, 23 were excluded based on title, and after final screening of the remaining articles based on the KESP control checklist and their scoring, 27 articles were selected as the final articles for evaluation and coding and were coded using MAXQDA software version 2020. In the present study, 208 codes were identified and extracted in the form of 34 concepts and 7 categories, including social, economic, infrastructural, functional, physical-spatial, environmental, and managerial categories. It is noteworthy that the highest frequency and emphasis in the reviewed studies was on the urban infrastructure dimension with 317 code frequencies, and the lowest was on the functional dimension with 42 codes. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies focus on explaining livability indicators and criteria based on local conditions and context and conduct a thorough examination of other dimensions of urban livability

Lorestan province has established the connection between the capitals and important cities of Iran during different eras. The need for quick and easy access and permanent communication between these areas has led to the construction of huge bridges despite the rivers full of water and deep valleys. Because these bridges are a natural interwoven complex and have interactions with humans, bridges over time in the geographical area of Middle Zagros of Lorestan connect with great civilizations and in a way realize human rights and religious, ethnic, and economic relations. and cultural as well as the development of welfare, security and comfort are used in difficult mountainous areas, they can well represent the concepts of the cultural landscape. Studying these properties and their cultural landscape can help to identify the components of cultural landscapes and their conservation in addition to conserving the bridges themselves. On the other hand, the first and most important step is to identify the challenges that have not been identified and classified so far. Based on this, the research aims to identify the challenges of conserving the cultural landscapes of Lorestan’s historical bridges through the review and analysis of documents related to this issue. In this research, library and field information was collected on the valuable historical bridges of the Kashkan River, and then the concepts of challenges and their subsets through analysis using the qualitative research method. Data analysis was done through coding operations at 3 levels and finally, the challenges and sub-challenges related to it were categorized into 6 general categories according to the characteristics and indicators of the study samples.

The Marching of Arbaeen as one of the largest gatherings of Muslims can be examined from different social and cultural perspectives. One of the most important scientific and interdisciplinary methods for the interpretation of this traditional rule is the semiotic study of the codes contained in its quality. Charles Sanderson Peirce, in reviewing the signs, presents a three-dimensional model of code recognition that can be found in their aesthetic, analytic, and interpretive aspects. This template uses three types of signs, Symbolic Signs, portrait Signs, Indicators signs. These three types of signs are shown in separate texts or in the form of a set of symbols in dual confrontations. In this research, based on the typology of Pierce, the relations between qualitative elements of the Arbaeen marching ceremony for the production of meaning in the system of cultural and social signs are examined. Based on the results, the early signs in this spiritual tradition refer to implicit and secondary implications such as emotional and social values. In this paper, the code collection is represented to illustrate the levels of ideological implications and social codes from a travelogue called delay in Najaf. Subsequently, the signs of contradiction with its interpretation in six themes were revealed, including diversity of dedication, conscientiousness, mourning practices, arrogance, and heritage, the manner of mourning of the seclusion, the holy and the women

Explaining the dimensions of social justice in the intellectual system of Ayatollah KhameneiAbstractSocial justice is one of the implications of the concept of justice, which means the "fair" allocation of resources in a society. In this sense, the law must achieve an acceptable level of real and formal justice and must guarantee the fair distribution of resources and equal opportunities.The topic of the next article is reflection on the dimensions of social justice in the intellectual system of Ayatollah Khamenei. In this regard, the research raises the question of how social justice is formulated in the view of the Supreme Leader. Below this big question, more detailed questions are raised. The article was carried out using quantitative and qualitative content analysis method and the main hypothesis of the article is that Ayatollah Khamenei, with a combined approach of theoretical and practical aspects, presents a concept of social justice that is useful for policy making, the justice movement and the realization of goals. The Islamic Republic of Iran is used.The findings of the research show that social justice in the opinion of Ayatollah Khamenei means the correct distribution of opportunities, the equal distribution of resources and the equality of people before the law, he considers it necessary to theorize about social justice, progress in the framework of social justice He raised and demanded a non-discriminatory distribution of resources among different strata and regions of the country. Wanghi, the Supreme Leader, outlines the obstacles and damages for social justice that can lead to the elimination of poverty, reduction of class gap, prosperity and progress of a just society.Wanghi, the Supreme Leader, outlines the obstacles and damages for social justice that can lead to the elimination of poverty, reduction of class gap, prosperity and progress of a just society. Wanghi, the Supreme Leader, outlines the obstacles and damages for social justice that can lead to the elimination of poverty, reduction of class gap, prosperity and progress of a just society.

The purpose of this research is to define the practical indicators in sports diplomacy. Qualitative research method is used in this research. The research community in the qualitative stage includes university professors, managers and high officials of sports in the country, experts of sports federations and senior managers in the field of international sports relations. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful, and the researcher tried to study the subject of the research by taking advantage of the opinions and participation of experts. In this research, library, field, and semi-structured interview methods were used to collect data until reaching theoretical saturation. The results of data analysis were obtained using Max Kyoda (2020) qualitative analysis software, during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Finally, 227 primary concepts were extracted. The review and analysis of the interviews showed that there are five influential categories including environmental factors, human resource management factors, individual factors of efficient people, organizational factors and communication factors. Using effective people in the field of sports diplomacy in order to plan in the field of productivity and use the abilities and sports expertise of these people in meeting the needs and progress of the country's sports can be an effective step in the development of the country's diplomacy.

Lebanese author Elias Khoury is one of the most famous Arab novelist in the field of fantastic literature. The artistic approach to tense has an active role in creating an intense and complex narrative world, and among the temporal concepts, the techniques of duration have an essential function in creating this world, especially in the novel Abwab al-Madinah (“The Gates of the City”), the short, intense, coded novel. Duration is one of the basic temporal concepts in structural criticism, especially in Gerard Gennet's narrative theory. This study attempts to shed light on the structure of the tense structure of Gates of The City through the use of the concept of duration with its four techniques (the summary the ellipsis, the Pause, and the scene) as theorized by Gennet. These techniques have an essential function in making the novel vague and encrypted. That this novel reduces thousand years of story tense in 112 pages is the best evidence of the skillful artistic employment of tense, especially for the tense duration, and it is the result of a comparison between the chronological tense of the story and the imagined tense of the narrative. Duration, with its four techniques, thereby contributing to the encoding of the novel or decoding this encryption.By summary and ellipsis, the tempo and mystiques of the narrative discourse, is increased, and with the Pause and scene, the speed and mystery of the story is reduced. Also in the implicit ellipses and hypothetical ellipses, sometimes we can see a decrease in tempo and the coding and decoding of the novel mystiques. All in all, since the novel has made good use of its duration techniques, it has been able to greatly increase the tempo of the novel and include the "thousand years" of story or history in a short and mysterious text.

The foundation of the Islamic Revolution and the advancement of its goals was based on independence and freedom, and after forty years, the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, Imam Khamenei, drew a charter entitled The Second Step of the Revolution to the Field of Independence and Freedom The second is the revolution, for this purpose, the aim of the leading research is to provide an overview of the system of thought and statements of Imam Khamenei, in the field of independence and freedom. This research is from the perspective of developmental purpose and type of qualitative research and research method of data theory (grounded theory). The method of analysis in this research is based on the content analysis technique and tools used by maxqda specialized software. Its basis has been studied and analyzed and coded, and after analyzing 97 statements of Imam Khamenei, from 1989 to 2021 in the field of independence and freedom and performing open, pivotal and selective coding steps, 3 dimensions and 8 codes Axial and 46 open source code were found in this research. The results of the codifications in Imam Khamenei, statements in the field of independence and freedom led to the formation of three main dimensions: independence and non-dependence, freedom, and identity seeking, which guide decision makers and planners in the field of independence and freedom in the second step of the revolution.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the educational content of multimedia software in the field of cultural tourism texts. In this research, we have tried to evaluate the educational content of cultural tourism texts based on Bloom's revised classification theory. Educational content can play an important role in promoting language learning. According to the objectives of this study, qualitative content analysis was used as a research method. In order to analyze the data, a coding system was defined based on Bloom's classification and the data were coded and then calculated based on Bloom's classification. Chi-Square Test (X2) was used to determine different levels of cognitive and emotional skills. Findings show that the highest dispersion of verbs in pre- and post-reading activities in the field of cognitive learning is at the level of comprehension and less attention is paid to the levels of analysis and evaluation. The results of research in the emotional field show that the highest scatter of verbs at the level of response was more frequent and language learners at this level felt satisfied with the activities and the lowest frequency scatter of verbs was more pronounced at the levels of organization and personality.

Football, as a popular international sport, has a large share in the development of each country's economy due to its large number of supporters and fans. Therefore, in order to develop any country in the world today, this field must be developed in the country and this research has been done with the aim of designing the economic development model of Iranian football. The present research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of type of data used. The statistical population of the research included all sports management experts who have been experts in the field of sports, especially football . The research sampling method was holistic, which had reached theoretical saturation after 15 deep semi-structural interviews. According to the research findings, four main categories of economic development related to football policy (Managerial, macro environment, structural, club infrastructure), Affiliated with football clubs (players, fans, marketing, technology), dependent on the nature of football (game quality, game execution cases) and Items related to the global norm (management, infrastructure, revenue and expenditure and services) were identified in 4 categories, 14 core codes and 225 open codes. It can be deduced from the above findings that the factors related to the economic development of football from the roots of football and then football clubs in the main axis of development and with the support of domestic and external policy.

This study aimed to design and validate the coaching model and its effectiveness on teachers' perception of fear of teaching. It was a mixed methods study and included both qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, according to the principle of theoretical saturation, using the purposeful sampling method 32 sample and to validate the questionnaire, 360 samples were used. In the qualitative part, the survey and interview method, and in the quantitative part, the scale of teachers' perception of fear of teaching was used (N=44). It was a mixed exploratory study (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative part, with a three-step systematic approach, open, central and selective coding was done by MAXQDA software and with the thematic analysis approach. In the quantitative part of the data analysis method, this research was a Quasi-experimental pre-test- and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up phase. Descriptive and inferential statistics (intergroup covariance test) were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that teachers feel afraid and threatened to expose their teaching performance over their colleagues, so that this transfer of experience improves their teaching. Therefore, this method allowed teachers to analyze their teaching outputs and results with educational leaders and thereby achieve their personalized teaching based on content and culture.

This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and by applying the data research method of the foundation. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews and in order to collect information, 18 experts including university professors and experts and experts of the country's customs administration were interviewed using purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on that, a qualitative research model was designed. The results of the present study indicate the extraction of 369 open source code, 51 subcategories or concepts and 12 extraction categories and their characteristics were identified. In the form of a paradigm model including communication capital, human capital, structural capital as a central category and innovation and creativity, knowledge management as a causal condition, communication technology, theorists outside the organization as underlying factors, community conditions, individual factors to Interventional conditions, strategic plan, general policy as strategies and knowledge-based policy as consequences.

The green supply chain management model is to protect the environment, and companies can use it to reduce the negative environmental impacts according to the future and achieve the optimal use of resources and energy.

The purpose of this study is to identify and formulate a conceptual model of green supply chain management in the Petrochemical industry of Fars province using the qualitative method Grounded Theory.

The method of data collection is the study of documents and interviews with 20 experts aware of the subject under discussion, using the method of snowball sampling. The validity of this study was reviewed and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method was used during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, based on which a qualitative research model was designed.

The results of the present study indicate the extraction of 120 codes or basic concepts from interviews and 21 criteria in the form of a paradigm model with MAXQDA software including causal conditions (design of green processes, customers and other external institutions, green innovation), background conditions. (Drivers of green materials supply, implementation of waste management system, financial thoughts and costs of the organization), intervention conditions (environmental management approaches, green supply chain risks, green suppliers' capabilities, human resource management), phenomenon-based environmental factors Economic (operational performance), strategies (management, technology, economics, policy-making), outcomes (green supply chain enablers, credit enhancement, institutionalization of technology equipment and know-how, energy management and optimization).

Providing access to comprehensive tourism information is one of the major challenges. Undoubtedly, the most important factor accelerating tourism is the use of information technology, access, storage, and retrieval of information in the tourism distribution system. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a smart tourism model in the sports industry.

The present study is based on the purpose of basic research and is exploratory in terms of data collection. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The statistical population included university professors who were familiar with the subject of tourism as well as tourism executives, and a targeted sampling method with the snowball technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted.

The final model consists of a set of central categories, causal conditions, necessary contexts, intervening variables, strategies, and consequences of smart tourism for the sports industry.

In general, it can be said that the use of digital tools will bring countless benefits to businesses and activists in the sports tourism industry. Including the development of tourism to reduce reliance on oil and exit the mono-product economy. Also, the sports tourism industry with its unique value chain on the one hand is faced with digitally transformed tourists and on the other hand with basic spaces such as the origin of travel, travel route, tourist destination, and its external environment.

Grounded theory is one of the most popular analytical methods used for qualitative data which is used in the Quranic studies and thematic interpretations in recent decades. The process of theory production by this method is through relevant data collection, coding, categorization and conceptualization. The application of this analytical method in the interpretation of various Qur'anic topics has been shown in some works, but this method has not been methodologically evaluated. And if a work claims to evaluate the process, it is only in a limited area and with a specific orientation. This article tries to explain the basics of this method, to introduce the differences between its application in Qur’anic sciences and humanities studies, and finally to answer the problems that have been raised about the capabilities of this method in thematic interpretation. As a result, the paper shows that grounded theory has an algorithm which can be systematically applied, and it can be used in a systematic way to discover the divine purpose.

Background and success is not possible without strategy and detailed planning in any field. A business that operates in the field of sales, in addition to strategic marketing planning, must also prepare a strategic sales plan for itself. The purpose of this current research is the strategic plan of selling the domestic product of leech breeding in knowledge-based companies. This research was carried out in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the foundation's data research method.
The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews, and in order to collect information, interviews were conducted with 20 experts, including university professors, experts and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of medical leech production, using a targeted sampling method. The sampling method was non-probability and purposeful snowball method.
Ethical considerations: In all stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.
  The findings of the research indicate the extraction of 387 open codes, 10 concepts and 6 categories, which in the form of a paradigm model include: causal conditions, central conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, solution/interactive and finally the result which is the production of knowledge-based products.
A knowledge-based company is the most effective company in innovation and knowledge growth, which enables the production of knowledge-based products.

This research was conducted to identify the components of marketing excellence in the aviation industry.

The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews with managers and industry experts. The participants in the research were selected through the purposeful sampling process, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 20 interviews were conducted, and the theme analysis method was used for data analysis.

The results of data coding led to the identification of 14 concepts and six categories, which include value creation, being a market driver, marketing efficiency, marketing learning, ethical marketing, and social responsibility, which are placed in three categories of market-oriented, company-oriented, and community-oriented components.

The components of marketing excellence, which are placed in three categories of market-oriented, company-oriented and society-oriented components, and the examples identified for each of them in the present research can be used both in marketing planning and in measuring the marketing performance of companies and a basis for comparing the performance of companies in the field be marketing.