مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال نوزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 67، صیف 2023)

Reviwing the old poetry texts you feel you are dealing with a story or a narration that has a starting point and an ending, and as if its incidents happened in a specific time and place. Studying narration and its varied factors has started for about a century to deal with literary works from a narrative critical point of view. This kind of criticism has its own importance because it opens new visions to what we read from the classic poems of the past times. Narration study is one of the criticism type of studies done on the structure of poetry and prose and a main tool to know the foundation of those texts in a better way. This study tries to investigate the narrative structure in the Arabic poems of Saadi Al-Shirazi using the descriptive analytical approach. Mentioning the theoretical concepts, this study describes and analyses the Arabic poems of this poet and surveys the factors of narration such as narrator, characters, place, and time. It concludes that the poet was capable of narration in his poems and these techniques uplifted his Arabic poems and enriched them with denotatative powers and emotional affections to consolidate the poet's thoughts and sayings in the reader's mind in a perfect way.

Stylistic study is one of the modern linguistic methods that emerged as a result of linguistic developments in recent centuries. It is a strategy to gain the power to produce meaning that explodes the energy of language and places its elements in aesthetic situations outside the standard form of language, leading to valuable stylistic and semantic features of the text. Stylistics is essentially a linguistic study based on the analysis of linguistic phenomena and the structure of the text, according to common linguistic levels. In this regard, there are committed literary poems that have been written in love with the Ahl al-Bayt, especially Imam Ali (AS), including Ghadiriyya Abi Tamam Ta'i in praise of Imam Ali (AS) and his elaboration in He mentioned the caliphate and the province; From this perspective, we have studied this Ghadiriyeh by relying on a stylistic approach, based on different levels of thought, phonetics, grammar and rhetoric, in order to express the beauty of the poet's style in expressing his thoughts towards Imam Ali (AS) and his preference over others. Be more apparent in the Ghadir incident. The results of the research indicate that loud voices dominate the whispers, due to the poet's tendency to express anger and explode his suffering So that the music of his words has taken on a long, deep and drawn tone. The poet's passionate enthusiasm led him to use current sentences more than noun sentences in general and to give them color and dynamism. Narrative and news methods have overshadowed the ode; Because the poet wants to inform about the important issues that are the confirmation of the caliphate for Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS); And to narrate what happened to his family in the incident of Ghadir and Karbala; Therefore, it has shown more tendency to past tenses in relation to the narrative context of discourse in Ghadiriyeh.

Conceptual metaphors have always been a significant subject in cognitive semantics. As the two leading theoreticians of this field, Lakoff and Johnson emphasized the physical aspects and bodily experience of conceptual metaphors. In addition to the physical aspect, later, other theorists led by Kovecses emphasized the role of context, especially the cultural context in the processing and understanding of conceptual metaphors. Adunis, an Arabic poet and critic, focuses on thought and culture in his poems, and his poetry book, Aghani Mahyar al-Demashghi, has intellectual and cultural foundations and substructures that are taken from philosophy, Sufism and Surrealism. In the meantime, the similarity of cultural experience in the construction of conceptual metaphors and its relationship with cultural foundations in Adunis's thought and poetry is the main motivation for the present research. The results of the research demonstrate that the metaphor "dynamism is progress and innovation" is the most important conceptual domain of Adunis’s thought and poetry in the poetry collection "Aghani Mahyar alDemashghi". On this basis, Adunis conceptualizes the destination domain of "dynamics" using multiple and sometimes contradictory concepts such as running, flowing, stopping, burning, etc., which are all in line with the objective concept of "progress" in his semantic world.

The application of scientific theories in the field of linguistics and narratology has given a new life to literary texts in the past years, and in the meantime, the theory of time of "Gerard Genette" has had a wider application. Adopting a critical approach and content analysis method, this research tries to examine the "conclusions" of 18 articles published in 6 specialized magazines of Arabic language and literature in Iran. Since "conclusions" of the articles are the result of the authors' thoughts and a brief expression of the entire content of the article, judgments about them will be considered as the judgments about the essence of the article. The main question of this research is, how and to what extent have these articles related the techniques of using time in Genette's theory of narratology to the theme of the novel? The obtained results show that most of them have used Genette's theory of time in an apparent way, so that some of them only report on the formal presence of this theory and its components: (arrangement, continuity, time jump, focalization, retrieval and anticipation) have been enough, but the main issue is the meaningfulness of the use of these narratology techniques in creating and highlighting the theme of the novel, which is very important and the essence. The core of this theory is neglected in most of these articles.

In a world that is constantly growing and evolving, entrepreneurship plays an important role in the development of societies. This category is one of the emphasized axes in folk culture and oral literature. A proverb is an outstanding example of folk culture that refers to various phenomena of society with a short and melodious structure derived from a folk story. In some Arabic proverbs, direct or indirect reference is made to the most important entrepreneurial indicators such as hard work, wisdom, responsibility, individualism, opportunism and income generation, which adds to the importance of research on this issue. In the present research, an attempt is made to examine the entrepreneurship category in 200 selected Arabic proverbs by relying on the descriptive-analytical method and to extract their most important directions by emphasizing the foundations of rhetoric. The results show that the high frequency of hard work (32%) and wisdom (23%) in the discussed proverbs indicates the importance of work and effort combined with wisdom and reason among Arabs. From the rhetorical point of view, the high frequency of descriptive orientation (47%) and motivational orientation (34%) shows the development of the Arab society in explaining the working conditions to the audience and motivating and encouraging them to make continuous efforts and avoid laziness.

In the Islamic world, especially in Palestine, the concern of occupation is one of the most important issues. Many discourses have been formed to address this issue. It has also been reflected in the Palestinian cinema, which is itself a manifestation of the art and literature of resistance. The main purpose of this research is to investigate how political and social issues are reflected in the movie Omar [directed by Hani Abu-Assad] and to discover the implications of the prevalent discourse of the movie. This is highly significant because by discovering the discourses governing societies through artistic texts, the article looks at the Palestinian cause from a different angle and creates a new perspective in the reader. In this regard, the present article examines and analyzes the discourses involved in Omar from a semiotic point of view applying Laclau and Mouffe's method of critical discourse analysis. The findings of the research show that there are three main discourses in the Palestinian movie Omar: resistance, occupation and betrayal. Each character in this movie is a representative of one of the discourses; they express their class identity in the agency they carry as a subject. In the end, the discourse of resistance, by employing empty signifiers represents the ideal situation with a critical view of the existing situation and by mythologizing and deconstructing, stops the vicious cycle of occupation and betrayal and changes the political scene in its favor.

Lebanese author Elias Khoury is one of the most famous Arab novelist in the field of fantastic literature. The artistic approach to tense has an active role in creating an intense and complex narrative world, and among the temporal concepts, the techniques of duration have an essential function in creating this world, especially in the novel Abwab al-Madinah (“The Gates of the City”), the short, intense, coded novel. Duration is one of the basic temporal concepts in structural criticism, especially in Gerard Gennet's narrative theory. This study attempts to shed light on the structure of the tense structure of Gates of The City through the use of the concept of duration with its four techniques (the summary the ellipsis, the Pause, and the scene) as theorized by Gennet. These techniques have an essential function in making the novel vague and encrypted. That this novel reduces thousand years of story tense in 112 pages is the best evidence of the skillful artistic employment of tense, especially for the tense duration, and it is the result of a comparison between the chronological tense of the story and the imagined tense of the narrative. Duration, with its four techniques, thereby contributing to the encoding of the novel or decoding this encryption.By summary and ellipsis, the tempo and mystiques of the narrative discourse, is increased, and with the Pause and scene, the speed and mystery of the story is reduced. Also in the implicit ellipses and hypothetical ellipses, sometimes we can see a decrease in tempo and the coding and decoding of the novel mystiques. All in all, since the novel has made good use of its duration techniques, it has been able to greatly increase the tempo of the novel and include the "thousand years" of story or history in a short and mysterious text.

Online training is provided in a suitable context for the emergence and expression of talents, capabilities, creativity and innovations. Self-regulation skills are effective in academic stress. Self-regulation strategies and skills are popular topics that have become an important focus of research and one of the basic axes of education. Arabic lesson is mandatory in the education system of the country; however, students do not have problems, progress and success in this lesson due to various reasons. In the present study, the role of self-regulation skills in the academic stress of the lesson caused by the online education of secondary school Arabic students has been investigated. The method of the present study was descriptive (correlation). The statistical population of the research included high school students in Gorgan in the academic year of 1400. The number of 429 students who have completed the online questionnaire accurately has been investigated as a research sample. The data collection tools were Sun et al.'s academic stress questionnaires and Bouffard's academic self-regulation questionnaires. The data obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires were entered into the statistical analysis package (SPSS) and analyzed with statistical methods. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between students' self-regulation skills and stress in online Arabic language education, and there was a significant difference between male and female students in terms of academic stress and self-regulation skills. Considering the significant relationship between self-regulation skills and academic stress and the role of self-regulation skills in academic students, the design and implementation of a program to teach self-regulation strategies and counseling psychological students in the field of academic stress can improve academic progress. Strengthening the academic and educational performance of students will help them succeed in foreign language courses, including Arabic.