جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خسرو انوشیروان » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Examining and analyzing text contrasts to achieve the nature of the central concept in a work through dual contrast analysis is one of the methods of studying texts in the constructivist method. Claude Levi-Strauss is a constructivist linguist who believes in bipolar opposition or semantic opposition. Based on the confrontational attitude, many of the stories of Shahnameh are formed from dual confrontations; The main purpose of this article is to investigate the contrast between the two stories in the historical part of Shahnameh based on Strauss's constructivist theory.

In this article, the authors have emphasized the descriptiveanalytical method based on the method of document mining and library studies in three stories of the historical part of Shahnameh, namely the story of Bahram Gour, Khosrow Anoshirvan and Bahman.

The findings of this study show that in the historical part of Shahnameh, under the influence of its mythological part and also the concept of duality in mythology, we are still faced with the infrastructure of dual contrasts to historical events.

The findings of the study indicate that the confrontations in the historical part of Shahnameh such as the confrontation of justice and oppression, Iran and Iran, the battle between good and evil, the confrontation between father and son or confrontation with predatory and wild animals all serve as general confrontations. And in order to strengthen the fundamental reciprocal aspects of myth, that is, the idea of good and evil.

Andarz Literature (Andarznāma) has been one of the most important literary genres in ancient Iran, and many of them are accessible today, especially in the Pahlavi (Middle Persian) language. There is no doubt that the precepts common in the Pahlavi language have influenced the Persian and Arabic precepts. However, the extent and direction of this effect can be the subject of numerous studies. In this study, Ḵosrow Anōšīrvān's Persian precepts were selected in order to study their moral themes and compare them with Pahlavi's precepts. The rationale behind selecting this corpus was that Ḵosrow Anōšīrvān was one of the authors who wrote Andarz Literature in the Pahlavi, Persian, and Arabic languages. The results of this study showed that some precise evidence can be found in Pahlavi's precepts identical to the moral themes of Anōšīrvān's Persian precepts. In addition, it seems that the general theme of the Pahlavi precepts of Ḵosrow Qobādān, which is in fact a testament, has influenced the concept of “transience of worldly life” in Persian precepts, as well as the story of the search for Anōšīrvān's tomb.

There is only one account of the war of 572 between Iran and Rom, narrated by Ferdowsi in Shahnameh, and none of the prominent historians in early Islamic period such as Tabari, Balami and others mentioned it. This shows the importance of Shahnameh's account but arises several problems; In spite of providing a correct frame in the account, there are several ambiguities, especially in geographic information. It is obvious that Ferdowsi, in loyalty to his unique source of the account, exercised restraint in clarifying the ambiguities by storytelling techniques. Therefore, we can find some features of the unique lost source of Ferdowsi in narrating this war, which is very essential to settle the controversial issue of the sources of Shahnameh.

Flourishing of the culture and civilization of a country is closely linked to wisdom and sophistication of its rulers, and if these features are combined with a ruler’s tolerance and open-mindedness, make elites and intellectuals be inclined to him. According to Iranian and non-Iranian historical sources, Khosrow Anoushiravan, as an educated and wise king of the Sassanid, was a lover of knowledge and also had great religious tolerance and openness. Therefore, during his reign, scientists from other lands came to Iran; arrival of foreign philosopher and physician to Jundishapur city in Khuzestan is an example. Khosrow Anoushiravan who was fascinated with science and philosophy and always talked to and had conversations with philosophers, did a lot of effort to collect scientific books from Hindi and Greek and their translation into Pahlavi (Middle Persian). Khosrow Anoushiravan also carried out many activities to spread the security in Iran, and institutionalize the culture of work and effort, and create empathy and integrity in the country all of which prepared the ground for the emergence and flourishing of Iranian culture and civilization. This study, by using the historical sources and through a descriptive-analytic method, tries to examine Khosrow Anushiravan’s deeds for the flourishing of Iranian culture and civilization.

Cultural, political, and social associations among Iran and Arabic nations such as Lebanon has been existing from Achaemenid era that this interaction, consequently, has led to the common cultural-scientific goals between these two nations. However, the noteworthy outcome is the effect of Persian language on Arabic language which has a long story and plays an important role. This progression started from the pre-Islamic period, when Persian vocabularies affected poets’ poems, and has been continued by the contemporary era. But what has been paid less attention is the effect of Persian culture and language on Lebanese literati. Khalil Mutran is known as one of the great Lebanese poets who revolutionized traditions and created a new prospect in Arab world poet. (Maqtal Bozargmehr) quasida is one of his works which is an exclusive epic in representing some aspects of Persian history. Mutran’s goal in writing Maqtal Bozargmehr quasida was Arab uprising against Ottoman regime to set themselves free from autarchy. In this quasida, Khosrow Anushiravan is a hidden secret to the Ottoman king. And Bozargmehr story has an exemplary aspect that aims at awakening the new generation in the Arab world. This study tries to review and evaluate the Maqtal Bozargmehr quasida, written by the great Arab poet, through content analysis method. Khalil Mutran known as “Qutrain poet” – territorial poet- (Lebanon and Egypt) that Persian language effect is well evident in his work.

Esoteric and mysterious stories of the Shahname show that from ancient times Yemen has had economic and political relations with the great empire of Iran. Although in some parts the region is called Hamavaran and in others، Yemen، it refers to a united territory which extends from east of the Tigris to the coasts of Arabia، Oman، Yemen and Sham (modern Syria). Zahak was supposed to have been a native، grandchild of a black–eyed Div called Zangyab، who oppressed Iran for many years. Fereydoon had married his sons to Yemeni princesses، and the rulers of Yemen fought side by side with him and Keikhosro. In the Naghshe Rostam inscription in Fars، Oman and Yemen are introduced as a part of one of the Iranian states، and during the Sassanid period it was the Iranian base of operations for fighting against Byzantium and maintaining the maritime supremacy of Iran. The people of Abyssinia، tired of black domination، entreat the help of the Iranian king، Khosro Anooshirvan، and Sassanid cavalry، aboard oceangoing ships، reach the shores of Yemen، Sassanid generals become the rulers of Yemen، and their children are considered a noble race over there، and instigate new civil and military systems. Iranian language and culture become prevalent and with the rise of the sun of Islam، the children of Iran، become the first Muslims of Yemen and suppress the seditions of false prophets. They built the first mosque in the gardens of the Iranian governor and، little by little، they become part of the native population.

In Iranian history, the behavior and attitude of Khosrow Anoshirvan, the Sasanian king has been shown in different and occasionally contradictory images; a highly just ruler and an extremely cruel king. The article, based on reliable sources, briefly studies the why and how of this dual countenance. The author concludes that, traces of Anoshirvan's power could be seen throughout the pages of Iran history whether in the position of a just and kind ruler or a harsh and rigorous emperor. Investigations are also made on the destruction of Mazdakites and the adjustment of the tax system during Khosrow Anoshirvan's reign.