delphi method

This paper tries to examine with a comprehensive view the effective factors in the collection of public micro-donations. The results of a national survey in Iran's National Charity Atlas for three consecutive years from 1399 to 1401 show that more than 90 percent of the country's people pay for charity. Based on this data, it can be claimed that one of the most important methods of collecting public donations is public micro-donations, and paying attention to the topic of this research can affect donations. Another important point is that although charitable donations are widespread worldwide, in the review of theoretical literature, there aren't consistent reviews about the factors that influence the collection of micro-donations, especially in a culture like Iran. This indicates that the use of related scientific methods in social research such as collecting public donations can both bring attention to this important social task on the part of a member of the country's scientific community and help the responsible institutions. With this approach, this research is looking to answer these questions: What factors are effective in the collection of micro-donations? How is the ranking of the identified factors effective in the collection of micro-donations?Regarding the theories and motivations explaining charitable donations, very scattered topics have been raised in the research background and the area of indicators affecting the collection of public donations, almost the majority of the research presented is in the field of sociology.

The main purpose of the research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the collection of micro-donations. From the objective point of view, the current research is in the category of applied research with a descriptive-analytical approach, and it has been done using library and documentary sources. In this research, a part of the necessary data to answer the questions has been collected through existing documents and research reports, and the other part has been done by referring to experts. In this research, the acceptability is confirmed by the validity of the research inputs, such as collecting data from past research, the selection of experts, and the validity of calculations. To achieve the research objectives and answer the questions, the current research has been carried out in two stages:The first stage is the identification stage; At this stage, the factors have been identified through library studies. In the following, experts' opinions have been obtained through the Delphi technique.In the second stage or the prioritization stage, these factors have been questioned for ranking. At this stage, the affinity diagram approach is used and the effective factors of the same family are placed in one class and all previously identified factors are taken as sub-factors in these classes. In the following, using the process of hierarchical analysis and two-by-two comparison, prioritization has been done.

In the first stage, after collecting all the factors from the library sources, 98 factors with different titles were obtained. Considering the possibility of integration, aggregation, and standardization of factors, based on the number of 98 factors, 37 standard factors were extracted in this section after adjustment and standardization. In the first part of Delphi, 10 factors were extracted. From these questionnaires, then according to the average scores of each indicator, all indicators with a score lower than the first quartile, i.e. 3.5, were removed, and 7 factors out of 47 factors were used for ranking. In the second step, the researcher classified all the factors that have a content affinity or natural relationships into eight separate groups using the kinship chart. These categories include factors related to society, factors related to the collection area, factors related to the type of collection place, social commitment factors, economic factors, demographic factors, psychological factors, and religious belief factors.

The first ten sub-factors have gained almost half of the total weight of the sub-factors, so it is very important to pay attention to these factors in decision-making. The first sub-factor with a high weight is the spiritual pleasure of helping (peace and sense of divine pleasure). This factor along with the third factor (religious beliefs) and the seventh factor (the reward and acting according to the divine order), show the great importance of religious beliefs in the levels of charity motivation. Also, the first ten sub-factors clearly show that the most effective factors in the amount of charity are internal factors rather than environmental factors, so the cultivation of internal factors such as the use of motivational factors and emphasis on educational issues in educational content, has a great impact on the change in charity statistics.In contrast to this issue, the sub-factors related to individual demographic class are among the least important factors. Interestingly, unfortunately, many social judgments are based on demographic differences. Also, this research shows that in the economic class, confidence in income is more important than the income itself, so in the decision of choosing the target community, one should not pay much attention to the amount of income, but pay attention to the source of income.

The purpose of this research was to design a suitable model of agricultural knowledge-based companies in order to achieve development and progress by using the Delphi research method and theories of theoreticians and researchers.

The informants of the research included all those who were experts in the field of development and had research works in this field, and 22 of these people were selected as participants using the purposeful and information-oriented sampling method.

The results indicated that the experts participating in this research identified the environmental, organizational-supportive, managerial, consulting-training and team-participatory factors that caused the development of agricultural knowledge-based companies.

Considering the results of Delphi and taking into account the special conditions and characteristics of the country's agricultural sector, formulating a suitable strategy for entering the market through segmentation, identifying the audience and consumers of the product, the existence of tax exemptions, ease in the registration rules and the activities of knowledge-based companies, creating and Strengthening demand-oriented commercialization infrastructures, providing specialized services of companies located in science and technology parks, providing facilities such as National Development Fund facilities, pre-mass production facilities, working capital, providing consulting in the field of design registration and trademark registration, registration Domestic and foreign inventions, co-investment, entering the company into the stock market and over-the-counter, supporting teamwork, emphasizing flexibility, entrepreneurship, innovation and development of participation in management, benefiting the company from the strategic collaborative leadership style, clustering and networking. Development, international communication and the company's relationship with industry and society are among the most important measures proposed by the research to achieve the development of knowledge-based businesses in the agricultural sector.

In some areas, risk management has been adequately developed, but in the field of supply chain, it has been less developed and addressed. Based on the conclusion of previous studies, it can be noted that the economic, environmental and social risks are integral to the sustainable supply chain. The main objective of this research is to identify and rank key factors of sustainable supply chain in the company of freshness dairy products. To identify the risks of the sustainable supply chain based on the research background and views of the managers and experts of the refined dairy products company, the risks were identified in the Delphi questionnaire. The relationship between risk factors and supply chain Sustainability of the Pair Comparison Matrix and the AHP multi-criteria decision-making technique to prioritize the key drivers of sustainable supply chain and risk were utilized through Expert Choice software. The results of prioritizing sustainable supply chain factors based on the risk management approach showed that supplier risk was recognized as the most important risk in the sustainable supply chain of the dairy company. The prioritization of the related risks is as follows: supplier risk, supply risk, operational risk, demand risk and financial risk. Overall operating risk in the supply chain is significant at 0.123 per cent in terms of the risk of supply chain dairy products. Which accounted for 12.3% of the total.

Selecting the appropriate accounting software has become an important issue for many organizations. In such a way that organizations have requested to use consulting services in choosing the right software package; Because the wrong choice might lead to major financial losses. Indicators affecting the selection of accounting software should be considered before preparing the software. Facing with such an important decision, accountants, managers, and professional consultants all need indicators to rank these software packages to free them from subjective decision-making. The purpose of this article is to identify and explain the main factors that the organization should consider in its decision to choose the right software. Using Delphi method, the research questionnaire has been subjected to experts' opinions. These indicators are categorized in the form of two dimensions and ten components. These two dimensions are the features of the accounting software and the characteristics of the software vendor. The results of the research show that the three components of software reliability, technology and security from the aspect of accounting software features, as well as two components of software maintenance and upgrading, and the reputation of the software vendor from the aspect of the characteristics of the software vendor have the greatest impact on choosing the right software.

Informal employment emerges and intensifies as industrialization and urbanization increased, leading to a lack of labor support. Starting with the expansion of urbanization and the creation of the informal economy, it is already remarkable to examine this issue from an economic point of view. Informality is one of the most important problems in the country's economy. This issue, in addition to affecting the personal life of the worker, including various aspects such as mentality and family, has important managerial/organizational, economic and social messages, so that it might be necessary to further define this field. This research has been done in identifying unofficial negative consequences and its method is descriptive-survey. The statistical sample of the research includes experts in related fields. Theme and Delphi analysis methods were used to analyze the data. The general results of the research indicate that its messages are identified at different levels of economic, managerial, social and psychological. To better understand the results of the research, the identified messages in the network of topics are also provided.

The main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize different gasoline pricing policies in Iran based on sustainable development indicators using the Delphi method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). To this end, first, various types of gasoline pricing options along with evaluation indicators of these options were extracted separately in economic, social, and environmental terms by the Delphi method based on reviewing studies and interviews with specialists and experts. In this section, four pricing options for gasoline pricing were extracted entitled (i) “Double pricing of gasoline or continuation of the current trend; (ii) “Single rate gasoline price and cash payment of subsidies to cars; (iii) “Proportional pricing for gasoline consumption; (iv) “Single price of gasoline and allocation of quotas to people instead of cars. Then, these options were evaluated and prioritized in terms of economic, social, and environmental indicators in the framework of the AHP method. The results show that pricing commensurate with gasoline consumption or consumption tax (third option) is the best pricing option among the mentioned options. In this option, environmental and economic indicators are of great importance, and the price of gasoline between the quota price and FOB is determined in proportion to the consumption of individuals and sudden price changes do not occur for all consumers and the price of gasoline is completely dependent on the consumption behavior of individuals. Thus high consumption is always faced with higher taxes and allows for a fairer distribution of subsidies and reduced smuggling incentives for this fuel.

Economic growth has been and will be of interest to economists and scientists in various human societies for a variety of reasons. Increasing wealth, prosperity, job creation and countless other things depend on the economic growth and development of a country. The goal of all economic theories has been to create growth and development. But each of these economic theories, according to the context of their formation, have introduced factors as key drivers of growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate and introduce the most effective drivers of economic growth in Iran (root causes) from the perspective of experts. For this purpose, the questionnaire and Delphi method were used and the results were extracted and analyzed by Mic-Mac software. In this study, optimal government policies and approaches, increasing transparency, following the example of developed countries and localization, stability of laws and its ease and increasing globalization of the economy, as the most effective drivers and focus of government to achieve optimal economic growth.

In any society, government officials and policymakers must take well-being into consideration as it is one of the main indicators of development and also a key element of social growth and development. Evaluating economic well-being during successive, inevitable periods of boom and recession helps evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of policies and aids economic policymakers in making better decisions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of business cycles on economic well-being index in Iran for the 1980-2016 period.  To measure well-being, the Osberg index of economic well-being was used and each component fit was assigned a weight using the Delphi method. Then, in a model suited for Iranian economy, the impact of business cycles was estimated using a gravitational search algorithm. The findings of the Delphi method indicate that economic security component has the highest weight among the four components of this index. Model evaluation revealed that business cycles are directly related to the economic well-being index, indicating that the boom and recession periods of business cycles have respectively led to the improvement and decline of economic well-being index in Iran.

The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize factors that directly or indirectly hinder the attraction of investment in Fars province. In order to identify these factors, 35 factors were first extracted from those that were more emphasized in the theoretical literature and empirical studies, and then in the form of the Delphi first round questionnaire, twelve experts were selected using purposive judgment. At the end of the first round of Delphi, except for the "infrastructure weaknesses (transportation, power supply, etc.)", all other factors were agreed upon. The eliminated factor of first round of Delphi was transferred to the second round and since there was no agreement on this factor in the second round, it was generally excluded from the investors' questionnaire. Investors' questionnaire with 34 items was then prepared. The questionnaire was given to 300 active investors in Shiraz Industrial City and investors active elsewhere in Fars province. Finally, the responses received from investors were prioritized using Gray Relational Analysis (GRA). The results show that "difficulty in obtaining loans from banks", "volatility in commodity prices", "investment insecurity", "exchange rate instability", and "bureaucracy and unnecessary formalities and the length of time permits and inquiries" are the most important barriers to attracting investment in Fars province, respectively.

The Economic Development Plan was proposed as a comprehensive program for solving problems and realizing the 20-year Vision of the Country and the Fifth Development Plan of I.R. Iran. Given the continuity of the gap between potential and actual taxes, tax revenues have not yet found their proper positions in the government's economic and financial system. In order to overcome this shortcoming, bearing in mind the importance of taxes in the economic development, the tax system was selected as one of the seven axes of the Economic Development Plan. A tax reform plan was devised in three main areas, namely the reform of tax laws and regulations, the implementation of Tax Administration and Reform Automation (TARA) program and a full implementation of the VAT system. One of the objectives of the TARA program is to ensure that all two-way interactions of taxpayers and INTA are through electronic means, not in presence. The Delphi method has largely been employed in this study as a tool for problem solving by surveying experts’ attitudes in many cases and in various research works. Delphi is a method of "prioritization" to get a collective agreement on the relative importance of issues. So, engaged in the Delphi research phases of this study, implementation of the E-ris software at the Tax Directorate General of South Tehran, were explored by following four steps, namely the intellectual storm, limiting, prioritizing and analyzing the options. The study indicated that the problems as software low slow; inadequate training and lack of update, suitable equipments and up-to-date computer had brought about the existing problems with running the E-ris software.

An evaluation of the Progress and regression of Islamic banking or the impact of policies on improving or reducing the efficiency of Islamic banking requires the introduction of the Islamic Banking Indices. The purpose of this paper is to design and introduce a new hybrid index for Islamic banking. This purpose can monitor the situation of Islamic banking in the banking system of Iran. First, Islamic banking branches were identified and put in two classes: Shariah class and Economic class. In the next step, 48 questionnaires were introduced with each branch of Islamic banking. Then based on Two-step Delphi method the weighting of the dimensions of the faces has been identified. The results indicate that, according to the experts of the field, respectively, the branches of deleting usury with a weight of 0.127, economic justice with a weight of 0.115, and observance of Islamic ethics with weight 0.108 of the unit number are most important. Finally, the main goal and the main outcome of this study, through the weighted average of Islamic banking branches, is the design of a combined Islamic banking index.

This article aims to identify the factors that lead to economic corruption in public tenders. Studying the theoretical literature, the major and minor elements of economic corruption in public tenders were identified. Also, using Delphi method, these factors were confirmed by experts. Four major factors have been identified: rent seeking structure of public tenders, politicizing process of public trends, bureaucratic authority, and weak supervisory mechanisms. In order to determine the significance of each of these factors the multi-criteria decision making including hierarchical analysis (AHP) and TOPSIS were used. It was found that the weak supervisory mechanism played the major role among the four of them. But at end it was clear that the coordination of the four of them resulted in corrupted public tenders.

In the past few years, with the intensification of Western sanctions against Iran, the theory of resistance economy has been raised by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution as a model of Islamic economics in accordance with the conditions of the country and the distinct missions of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and has been welcomed by scholars and scholars. One of the important pillars of the country's financial system, which plays a significant role in implementing macroeconomic policies, is the capital market. In this study, we intend to examine the role of capital markets in realization of resistance economy. For this purpose, based on literature review and interviews with experts, capital market-related economic component of resistance economy were identified. Then, using the Delphi technique 10 key components were determined. Then, using DEMATELTechnique the internal relationship between these components and the impact and influence on / from each other is determined. Finally, using the analytical network process (ANP), component of capital market-related resistance economy is prioritized. In the end, according to the components priorities, the necessary solutions to achieve the economic policy of resistance are presented. In the end, the components of the resistance economy associated with the capital market have been prioritized using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method, and, given the priority of the components, the necessary strategies for realizing the resistance economy policies have been presented.