fuzzy logic

In this article, for the first time, a new method is introduced to control the process of preparing materials and equipment in the factory using genetic-fuzzy combined algorithms, and in this method, the effect of external random factors in the form of demand and guidance of time uncertainty is specially considered. has been In the proposed model, parameters of time-varying member functions are used dynamically to describe the values ​​of mixed sets of modeled outputs. The method presented in this article is based on four confirmed criteria, which are used based on real information extracted from the industrial town of Saujblag area, and each of the criteria is examined and analyzed in the following.

In recent years, investors have realized that there are a number of irregularities (calendar effects) in the capital market through which additional returns can be obtained. In calendar irregularities, time is the factor that affects the capital market. Such effects are called calendar effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the calendar effect of the holy month of Ramadan on the most important features of the capital market. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey based on the nature and research method. The statistical population of this study includes university professors of accounting, analysts and trading experts in the Iranian capital market. In this study, using the research background and referring to eight experts and interviewing them, 6 indicators were identified as important features of the capital market that can be affected by the calendar effect of the holy month of Ramadan. Then, using 14 questionnaires, experts were asked to determine the causal relationships of these indicators. Finally, in order to explore the network of cause and effect relationships, to determine the degree of effectiveness and impact of each of the indicators and their prioritization, fuzzy hierarchical analysis, fuzzy dimtel approach and fuzzy TOPSIS were used. According to the results, capital risk is the most important indicator. This result indicates that this indicator is subject to severe changes during the holy month of Ramadan and it is necessary to pay attention to it. Then the indicators of trading volume, unsystematic risk, share return, liquidity risk and adjusted beta are important, respectively. Also, trading volume was recognized as the most effective indicator. Therefore, trading volume has a greater impact on other indicators. Also, non-systematic risk was identified as the most effective indicator.

Taxes, especially complications, are the main source of funding for public revenue and one of the most effective tools for government fiscal policy. Reforming the structure of Tax laws as the most essential part of Tax policies has a substantial place in the set of government fiscal policies. Considering that VAT policy as one of the methods of reforming the country's Tax structure instead of Tax of the services' and goods' collection in 2008 year and the importance of altering in the country's Tax policies in this study using the indicators of Tax revenue share in covering government expenditures, the ratio of Tax revenues in GDP and the share of Tax revenues in total public revenues to compare the efficiency of this We have addressed two Tax policies with a fuzzy approach. The research findings show that the efficiency of toll collection policy during the years 2001 until 2008, the highest value is 0.531 in 2003 and in 2008 the lowest efficiency is 0.495. The efficiency of the value-added system with an average of 0.52525 was higher than the toll collection system with an average of 0.5135 and an upward trend. As a result, it can be concluded from the research findings that the value-added Tax policy is more effective than the Tax policy called Tax of the services' and goods' collection.

The present research seeks to determine the priorities of the managers of the organization and the audit firms in determining the audit fees and compare these views with regard to the conditions (monopoly or competitive) of each of them in the pricing of audit services. Be Based on the analysis of the content of theoretical literature and audit experts, 17 factors were identified as affecting the determination of audit fees. The statistical sample consists of 15 managers of audit organization and 15 managers of audit firms. The required data were collected by means of a paired comparison questionnaire and the verbal indices were extracted from the questionnaire to determine the factors affecting the audit fees paid from the perspective of the audit firm’s managers and other audit institutions by the Excel software. The basis of the fuzzy logic is made. After the phase-out phase, and the comparison of factors weights from both groups, 9 factors of 17 factors were identified as the most important factors influencing audit fees. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in determining the most important factors affecting audit fees, the weighting of the nine factors was different from the viewpoint of the two groups in determining audit fees. The 9 factors affecting the determination of audit fees are: the volume of operations, the complexity of the operation, the quality and effectiveness of the internal controls of the entity under investigation, the geographical distribution of the audit operation، the size of the unit reviewed, the initial audit، the employer’s risk, the characteristics of the auditor and Duration of the auditor’s responsibility in a registrar unit.

The aim of this study is to provide a model for investigating the audit quality with respect to systemic factors. In spite of the previous look at the audit quality that was product oriented, this study has been considered process-oriented and system-specific. The potential indicators presented in this study include the inputs of the audit, the audit process and the audit results. The statistical population of this study is the audit experts, managers and partners of the audit institution members of the official accountants’ community of Iran and the audit organization. The statistical deduction of the research is done by fuzzy logic. According to the results, the greatest impact on the audit quality is due to the average years of experience, industry expertise, partner, manager, engagement quality reviewer hours and timing relative to total audit effort, indicators related to independence and observance of those indicators, frequency and market impact of financial statement restatements for errors, the workload of partners and employees, chargeable hours per professional, and compensation trends of prematurely-rotated partners indicators.

This research is aimed to apply three different approaches toward costing (namely traditional, TDABC, and Fuzzy TDABC) to calculate actual costs in “Lo’ab Yas Fars Co.”. Three main hypotheses were stated for this research, that each one is involved comparing methods for calculating actual cost two by two. Required data for assess in comparing these hypotheses are gathered through library and field research. These data were related to Year 1391, (Persian calendar) and inserted in all three models. To confirm or reject each hypothesis, both parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used. The results confirmed the hypotheses 1 (claiming that there are significant differences between results of the traditional and TDABC systems) and 3 (claiming there are significant differences between the results of TDABC and fuzzy TDABC); however, a significant difference was not found between the traditional and fuzzy TDABC systems (hypothesis no. 2). Generally, it can be concluded that TDABC system supported by equations and temporal stimulants is able to calculate the actual cost with more precision and accuracy.

Future is less predictable, but the remarkable point is that organizations can prepare themselves to encounter it which will result in the creation of competitive advantage for them. In order to develop in the insecure environment, organizations should leave their one-dimensional view toward the future, and consider the probable events in the future in their planning, using a multi-dimensional viewpoint. The methodology that is introduced in this article is a modern one because it combines the general method of formulating strategies with the two common tools that are used in order to fight uncertainty, namely, scenario planning and fuzzy logic. Using the uncertain elements that exist in the environment, this method embarks on designing possible scenarios facing the organization, and with the help of the fuzzy information supplied by the experts, it sets to select the most robust strategy of the organization in the fuzzy inference system. This strategy is selected in such a way that under all possible conditions of the occurrence of scenarios, it is justifiable and not necessarily the optimal choice; and enjoys the best possible performance from among all the scenarios that are specified for the future. In this paper, we compare the common method of strategy formulation with the formulation of strategy through the robust methodology, then, we examine the results obtained from implementation of both methods in a case study in a real organization.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and board structure of Pharmacy Firms by fuzzy approach. The intellectual capital is measured by the questionnaire with standard arrangements and 96% reliability coefficient, and the board structure is recognized by companies’ financial statements. The results show that the independent variable of the size of board directors has positive effects by a 0.133 value on intellectual capital, and that the variables of the ratio of outside directors to firm's board of directors and the ownership concentration of firm's board of directors do not have significant effects on intellectual capital.