جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Q method » در نشریات گروه « مدیریت »

The purpose of this research was to develop an effective teaching model in order to improve the educational level of schools. This research is qualitative and phenomenological. The research community includes academic experts familiar with the subject. Based on the purposeful sampling method; after a semi-structured interview with 15 people, theoretical saturation was achieved and the interview was stopped. In this research, consultants and experts in the field of educational management were used to achieve validity, and the verification strategy of research colleagues was used to determine reliability; based on this, validity and reliability were confirmed. The method of analysis used in this research was thematic method. Based on the results of the interviews, 11 themes in the form of 4 concepts of personal and scientific characteristics of teachers (social status of teachers, individual character of teachers, and empowerment of teachers), optimal management of the classroom and educational environment (use of educational technology, classroom management and effective educational implementation, and appropriate educational tools and equipment), active and motivating teaching (use of active teaching methods and motivational levers), and targeted teaching (objectification of teaching (meaningful learning), targeted research) were identified. Based on this, it is suggested to use the model presented in this research in order to improve the educational level of schools and make teachers' teaching more effective.

Today, nature tourism activities are in significant demand with the aim of benefiting from natural elements and preserving nature along with providing economic benefits to local communities. The nature tourism process is dependent on the desired performance of the nature tourist, the host local community and the nature tourism tours. The continued development of nature tourism activities requires assessing the sustainability of nature tourism tours and understanding visitor satisfaction to ensure long-term sustainability in natural ecosystems. Accordingly, in the present study, a list of indicators was presented to evaluate the sustainability of nature tourism tours and their importance in the development of sustainable nature tourism in Khamir-Qeshm mangrove forests. For this purpose, 76 suggested indicators were identified and prioritized using Delphi questionnaire and analyzing experts' viewpoints. The obtained results indicate the importance of responsible tour performance towards ecotourists and also maintaining quality of the natural environment by increasing awareness and training of the ecotourists before visiting nature. The results of the indicators ranking also revealed that the highest priority is related to the environmental awareness course before the trip" and among the final coefficients, the highest rank is assigned to "managed consumption of drinking water". Likewise, 14 indicators were identified and selected as the best indicators with the highest rank. The list of identified indicators can help to identify the ideal nature tourism tours, as well as to evaluate the sustainability of their performance to obtain the satisfaction of local communities, the lasting experience of the nature tourist from the trip, and also the development of sustainable nature tourism in the mangrove forests of Khamir-Qeshm. The list of provided indicators is of great use and importance not only for the studied area, but also for other nature destinations that have the ability to develop nature tourism and conduct nature tourism tours

In this research, a conceptual model for identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the success of gas projects in the South Pars field in Iran using a multi-criteria decision-making approach and foundational data theory is presented. For this purpose, first, using the Delphi method, Paying attention to the technical challenges and contractual requirements of the project and ensuring customer satisfaction, Paying attention to the challenges in decision-making in the project closing phase and headquarters challenges, the support of senior managers and management. Release of guarantees, proper management of resources and risk management, correct planning and no change in the organization's strategy and attitude during the closing phase, having a coded operational plan for transfer and operation and updating the organization's current information management system, the desired performance of stakeholders and its effects on the quality of the launch. Then, using the best-worst method, while determining the best and worst criteria, the index of attention to the project completion phase and the consequences of the facility operation period are considered as the best criteria and the index of proper resource management and risk management are considered as the worst criteria. Finally, the importance of the criteria has been calculated. The second variable is the measure of technical challenges and contractual requirements of the project and ensuring customer satisfaction on the success of offshore gas projects is ranked first using the best-worst method with a weight of 0.219.

Recently, a lot of attention has been paid to e-learning in the educational system. This educational system consists of factors that have a significant impact on the success of the e-learning process and lead to the improvement or reduction of the quality of the implementation of the e-learning system. The aim of the current research is to provide a comprehensive classification of the challenges of implementing participatory governance in higher education based on studies in this field and their analysis using the meta-composite method. The current research method is qualitative with an exploratory approach. From the objective point of view, it is an explanatory-applied research. In this method, by using the meta-combination method and selecting about 150 articles and related researches, which are mostly from 2010 to 2022 and collected from various reliable scientific databases, finally using this method, 100 selected articles were identified and effective factors in improving the implementation. The electronic education system was identified. Finally, the researcher found 188 codes, 28 subcategories and 5 main categories or the same factors. As a result, the factors of planning and determining the application perspective, hardware and software factors, content and learning factors, support factors and functional analysis factors and feedback were introduced as the most important factors in improving the electronic learning system for implementation.

In this article, the asymmetric effects of exchange rate on the stock market were evaluated using daily data from 20/03/2016 to 21/06/2023 using cointegration, Dynamic Conditional Correlation and APARCH methods. The evidence shows that both shocks (positive/negative) and large shocks (positive/negative) are repeatedly found in the Dollar exchange rate. Estimates show that the exchange rate is effective on the stock market. The findings showed that the stock market reaction to the positive and negative shocks of exchange rate is asymmetric. The behavior of the stock market is stable towards negative shocks, but the effects of positive shocks are gradually neutralized. A large negative shocks in the exchange rate puts the stock market at a sustained low level. Also, the volatility of the stock market shows a very stable pattern. Dynamic Conditional Correlation findings show that negative shocks have a greater impact on conditional volatility compared to positive shocks.

Digital transformation involves the comprehensive integration of digital technologies into all facets of an organization's operations, fundamentally altering the manner in which the organization functions and delivers value to its stakeholders. This research seeks to identify critical factors in order to develop a generalized model for the successful implementation of digital transformation across various organizational contexts.

This study adopts an interpretive and inductive approach and is practical in its objectives. It is conducted as qualitative research, designed as a single-section time study, and is categorized as part of broader field research. The participants of this research are professors and specialists in the fields of digital transformation and management, carefully selected through purposeful sampling to ensure they meet specific criteria that qualify them to provide insightful information. Data collection was primarily conducted through semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals until theoretical saturation was achieved. To further enrich the data, text studies and thematic analysis methods were employed for categorizing and coding the collected data.
 

From the final analysis and subsequent report writing, based on extensive coding, a total of 174 basic themes were identified, along with 42 organizing themes. From the analysis of these findings, sub-themes that shared similar comprehensive meanings were merged to form five overarching themes. These results highlighted that leadership and vision, change management, collaboration and partnership, user-centered design, and privacy and data security are the principal factors in the implementation of digital transformation. Furthermore, each of these categories and their subcategories were found to play an integral role in the effective implementation process of digital transformation.

Digital transformation extends beyond the mere adoption of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning; it represents a paradigm shift in how traditional management and operational practices are conducted across various functions, including product development, engineering, marketing, sales, and service delivery. It necessitates an all-encompassing involvement across the entire organization, not limited to the information technology sectors. As such, presenting a comprehensive model based on the findings of this research is crucial. This model should address various organizational aspects for effective implementation. Key factors identified include leadership and vision, which are essential for creating an enabling environment for digital transformation; change management, which is necessary for coordinating and instituting changes within the organization; collaboration and partnership, which are critical for fostering integration and connectivity between departments; user-centered design, which is vital for engaging employees and customers; and maintaining robust privacy and data security measures, which are indispensable for establishing trust in digital interfaces. In summary, while digital transformation is inherently complex and difficult to grasp, its successful implementation is essential and can bring about substantial benefits to organizations in today's digital-driven environment and should be treated as a necessity.

In the organizations of developing countries, some managers do not have the necessary competence and try to make themselves appear as competent and justified managers by engaging in external and promotional work and finally cover up their incompetence by displaying a showcase style of performance. Showcase managers are among the managers who cause long-term and irreparable damage to the organization with their performance and non-functional behaviors. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of typology of managers' showcase performance and its consequences in government organizations.

Design/ methodology/ approach:  

The present study is applied research in terms of its purpose, and it is exploratory research in terms of gathering information. Also, this research is a type of mixed qualitative and quantitative research based on comparative and inductive philosophy. The statistical population of the present research includes the experts who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. The data collection tool is in the qualitative part of the interview, whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and theoretical validity and intra-coder and inter-coder reliability methods. Also, the data collection tool in the quantitative section is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed using content validity and retest reliability. Qualitative data was analyzed by the content analysis method, and quantitative data was analyzed by the fuzzy cognitive mapping method.

 The research findings indicate that the use of harvest management tactics, conducting directed and demonstrative organizational citizenship behavior, and rhetorical managers are among the most important showcase functions in government organizations. Also, being on the sidelines of the organizational mission, reducing individual and organizational performance and productivity, and spreading cheating and lying in the organization are among the most important consequences of managers' showcase performance in government organizations.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Considering the purpose and type of research that should be used from the interview process and experts' opinions, this included the limitation in the number of samples and the difficulty of accessing experts, and there was also the possibility of bias in answering the questions and presenting and recording the findings. Another limitation is that because the statistical population of the present study is the managers of government organizations in Lorestan province, the generalizability of the research results to other societies is limited.

Practical Consequences: 

Considering that today the emergence of some deviant behaviors by managers in organizations has become a big challenge and because managers, due to their position, are able to create valuable successes and failures for the organization under their management, therefore, selection and appointment Competent managers are one of the significant issues in government organizations. Because it is very likely that at this point it is possible to distinguish between worthy and unworthy managers. Therefore, organizations should identify managers based on their competence and moral qualifications and other considered indicators and prevent their deviant and fake performance and actions in order to cover up their incompetence. Therefore, the present study helps organizations by identifying the types of showcase performance of managers to be aware of such people and to avoid the employment and appointment of incompetent people who only take steps to advance their personal interests and the harmful consequences that are shown in this research. It was pointed out to them to stay safe and finally be able to take an important step towards spreading meritocracy in government organizations.

Innovation or value of the Article:

 In most governmental and non-governmental organizations, despite a lot of investment to improve performance, achieving high performance levels is slow. One of the main reasons for this problem is showcase performance. This performance style focuses on the performance of performance instead of focusing on actual performance and productivity. In other words, visible performance indicators are taken into consideration by the employees, and this issue causes the evaluation of real performance indicators to be neglected. Therefore, the present research aims to take an important step in the direction of spreading meritocracy and improving performance in government organizations by creating awareness and introducing the types of showcase performance.

Human capital is the most important and valuable capital of any society. In this regard, the use of knowledge by organizational individuals, in addition to the development of human resources, will lead to the comprehensive promotion of organizations, especially the police organization. An important part of human resource knowledge development is related to human resource training. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was qualitative modeling of human resource knowledge development based on modern education (teaching and learning).

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and was performed by qualitative method. Research participants included police university professors with at least 5 years of teaching experience. Purposeful sampling continued until the stage of theoretical saturation of 15 people. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The obtained data were analyzed by thematic analysis method and their main and secondary themes were extracted. The validity and reliability of the study was also confirmed based on the opinion of Guba and Lincoln.

The findings showed that in order to improve the knowledge of police human resources based on modern learning and teaching, it is sometimes necessary to change the current patterns, including learning patterns; Teaching; Instructions, policies, etc.

The model obtained by qualitative method showed that the development of police human resource knowledge has two dimensions of management and process and seventeen components. These components include: executive scheduling, condition building, focus group, emphasis on learning processes, concept building, holism, modeling, etc.

Nowadays, enterprises face two challenges: complexity and frequent changes in business and technology. in order to survive in their ecosystem and compete with competitors, they are looking for solutions and methods to effectively manage, update, and optimize their businesses and services manage, update and optimize their businesses and services effectively. Enterprise architecture is the solution to overcome the above two problems. Enterprise architecture is a technical, top-down, and comprehensive view of the organization that defines all the components of an organization and the connections between them. In more technical terms, "enterprise architecture" is a set of technical maps, diagrams, and documents that can be used to draw the current state of the organization, identify the bottlenecks, and draw the ideal state of the organization, and then formulate a plan to migrate to the desired state. And operated. In this article, one of the four main processes of the second secondary school board of trustees of Iran Education Organization, which is the registration process and challenges and affects a large audience (stakeholders) every summer, is examined and with the approach of organizational architecture and according to We introduce ADM (TOGAF) method, a desirable and improved model for it in all layers of organizational architecture. The improved model was implemented in three schools, and its performance results were compared and evaluated using a questionnaire. According to the values ​​obtained from the indices of statistical tests, the proposed improved model has performed better than the traditional model.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing an appropriate model for organizational empowerment of small and medium enterprises in Ardabil province. The study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method is used; The statistical population of the research in the Delphi stage of managers and owners of small and medium businesses in the province and university professors. 40 people were selected as the expert team and for the analysis of the initial data, the analysis of the Delphi three-period method was used using the Kendall coordination coefficient. Also, for the structural model analysis, the T-value coefficients were used. LISREL software was used in the software environment. Initially, experts identified indicators based on their inference from the model, and after removing duplicates, 40 types of indicators remained. Among the remaining indicators, indicators with low and moderate importance coefficients were removed and finally 31 indicators remained in the analysis. These indicators are based on the opinion of experts in the following dimensions: 1. Education (5 indicators); 2. Information (8 indicators); Trust (15 indicators) and reward (3 indicators) of their classification and significant impact were proved by organizational empowerment of small and medium enterprises using T-value coefficients. Also, based on the research findings, the index of "increase in physical capital and human capital (skilled labor)" with an average of 4.93 in the first place, and the index of "flexibility in the firm" with an average of 2.41 in the thirty-first place. According to the results of this study and based on the obtained indicators, expert human resources and investment in human resources have the greatest effect on the empowerment of small and medium enterprises, and it is suggested that the final model of empowerment obtained in this study for small and medium enterprises of Ardabil province be used.

The aim of this study was to determine the understanding of employees' mental patterns of promotion methods in the organization. The research method in terms of applied purpose, in terms of exploratory nature and in terms of data collection, is a descriptive survey that was calculated using the Q (qualitative-quantitative) method of different mental patterns of employees towards job promotion. Among the employees who had more appropriate qualifications and knowledge for job promotion than other employees, 30 employees were selected as the target population by purposeful sampling method and based on the information obtained from the disciplinary command of one of the province in the country, and interviewed them by using Q method. And related cards were distributed among them for Q propositions. Based on the distributed cards, out of 40 statements, 24 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Q factor analysis, it was found that there are five different mental patterns (justice-oriented, policy-oriented, error-oriented, critics of effective external factors and critics of incompetence) of job promotion among disciplinary command employees. Based on the final conclusion, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of the identified propositions and patterns claim that the job promotion system in the organization is fair and according to the employees 'mentality, the justice factor has the greatest impact on the employees' job promotion.

Today, in all organizations, knowledge management and human resources management are seen as complementary concepts. Knowledge-based human resources management is one of the main and basic requirements of public organizations that has been implemented and used in many societies. The main purpose of this research is to provide a pattern of knowledge-based human resource management in public organizations. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of methodology. The approach used in the research is a sequential explanatory approach in which quantitative data and information are first collected and analyzed, and then qualitative information is examined. In the first phase of the study, the quantitative content analysis method was used, and in the second phase, the qualitative method of grounded theory was used to design the relevant pattern. According to the findings of the research, in the first phase, among 214 related researches, 28 main researches or criteria were identified and analyzed. In the second phase, data and information were extracted through targeted sampling from 12 experts in this field using semi-structured interviews. Extracted propositions were coded using the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, and finally, 137 open codes, 63 central codes and 20 selective codes were obtained. According to the resulting pattern, it can be concluded that knowledge-based human resources is dependent on human resource management methods, which includes a set of methods used by the organization to manage human resources by facilitating the development of competencies and knowledge management, while creating knowledge-based intellectual.

Nowadays, tourism is one of the important sources of income and one of the effective factors in development and progress in countries. In this connection, rural tourism is of special importance as one of the main types of tourism. Therefore, knowing the obstacles and driving factors of this type of tourism is of special necessity. The current research has been done with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors driving and inhibiting the development of rural tourism from the perspective of experts, who have investigated the issue using a mixed method. The sequential research approach is an exploratory one that is carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, using the scoping review method, the main variables and indicators were identified, and then in the quantitative phase, they were analyzed and investigated using the survey method and the questionnaire tool. According to the findings of the qualitative phase, 4 criteria and 43 sub-criteria were identified among 53 related researches. In the quantitative phase, specialists and experts in the field of tourism and rural planning commented on the approval and prioritization of each factor, and all the factors were approved in their opinion. The present study showed that various aspects promoting or hindering the development of rural tourism, including social, economic and environmental aspects of tourism development in Nir city, are considered with acceptable amounts. Therefore, the concept of rural tourism development should be effectively implemented throughout the region and existing gaps to support rural tourism development should be addressed.

The main objective of this research is to design and present a comprehensive model for evaluating public policies in the tourism industry in Iran, aiming to fill part of the knowledge gap in this area.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

From the audience's point of view, this research is foundational, and in terms of attitude, it is mixed (qualitative and quantitative), employing non-interventional measures. The qualitative stage involved reviewing relevant literature and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in the tourism field. The Delphi method was used in three stages to derive basic and key concepts until categories reached theoretical consensus and an appropriate framework was established. In the quantitative stage, the derived framework was tested, and the proposed model for evaluating policy-making in Iran's tourism industry was compiled and presented through data processing and analysis based on questionnaire results. The statistical population includes tourism experts and specialists, with 21 individuals chosen as the sample. According to the findings, the main elements of the model were identified in five dimensions (problem recognition, compilation, legitimation, implementation, and final evaluation) encompassing 44 concepts related to 14 categories, leading to the design of the comprehensive model.

The results indicated that the most important measures for evaluating each of the five dimensions of public tourism policies in Iran are as follows: addressing the main issue of tourism (average score of 2.33), rationality of tourism policies (average score of 2.17), public acceptance of tourism policies (average score of 1.60), practical obligation of tourism policy implementers (average score of 2.26), and consistency in evaluating tourism policies (average score of 2.12). The most significant stages influencing the evaluation of public tourism policies in Iran are legitimizing tourism policies (average score of 3.50) and implementing tourism policies (average score of 3.36). Results from examining the research conceptual framework using AMOS software and goodness-of-fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model for evaluating public policies in Iran's tourism were deemed acceptable based on GFI, AGFI, CFI, CMIN/df, and RMSEA statistical tests.

Limitations & Consequences :

One limitation of this research is the broad scope of tourism, which includes various types such as cultural, educational, recreational, commercial, therapeutic, social, athletic, religious, and political. Each type, besides its general and common indices, requires specific measures for policy evaluation, which exceeds the objectives of this research and presents limitations. Addressing these specific measures requires further independent research, which is recommended for future studies.

The findings of this research, in addition to expanding the theoretical domain, may enhance the applied knowledge of tourism development and improve the performance of tourism regions. They also provide a basis for high-level managers to prioritize the importance of evaluating public policy-making in Iran's tourism sector. Based on the results, the primary priority in evaluating public policies in Iran's tourism industry is the "policy legitimizing stage." Therefore, one practical implication of this research is that policymakers should consider the necessary frameworks for legalizing and legitimizing tourism public policies in regulating and approving upstream documents. Using the model presented in this research, the existing process of public policies in Iran's tourism industry can be evaluated. Furthermore, continuing this research could model and test desirable conditions for tourism industry policy-making in Iran. Given that the evaluation of the policy implementation stage is the second priority in the process of evaluating public policies in Iran's tourism industry, providing an effective mechanism for the precise implementation of Iran's tourism industry policies is another practical implication of this research.

Innovation or value of the Article: 

Since there is no specific, appropriate model that conforms to Iran's existing realities in evaluating tourism policies, presenting this model and filling part of the investigational gap indicates the value of this article. Generalizing tourism policy evaluation to all stages of the policy-making process, rather than focusing solely on final evaluation, demonstrates another aspect of the article's innovation and value. The mixed-method approach and the use of various instruments in designing and presenting a model for evaluating tourism policy contribute to the precision and comprehensiveness of policy evaluation, showcasing another innovative aspect of this research.

This research was done for the purpose of designing and validation of organizational culture transformation model based on the productivity. For designing used the method of Grounded Theory, and for validation used the method of first and second order factor analysis. Statistical population in quantitative was the experts in higher education management, higher education development planning, sociology, educational management and media management. Statistical population in quantitative section was also the teachers, experts, students of Farhangian University, staff managers and employees of the Ministry of Education. The method of sampling in a qualitative section of the research was non-probability purposive sampling, and in quantitative section was done by multistage cluster random sampling. The number of samples in quantitative and qualitative sections equaled with 20 and 380 persons in order. The tools of gathering data in qualitative part are semi-structured interview and in quantitative section, 53 question’s questionnaire in Likret scale. According to findings of qualitative sections, model of organizational culture transformation model based on the productivity designed by with 11 factors: The mission of the organization, technology and innovation, the process of recruitment and employment, education and skills, belief, value and moral foundations, organization structure, incentive system, intra-organizational communication, performance feedback, constructive interaction with the environment and organizational support. The findings of quantitative part showed that, model of organizational culture transformation model based on the productivity is highly creditable by experts. So according to the experts, organizational culture transformation model based on the productivity can be utilized with these 11 factors.

BOT projects for the construction of suburban pedestrian bridges are very important as one of the appropriate methods for transportation infrastructure development in cities. Considering the economic and financial effects on these projects, it is vital to know and analyze the factors affecting the pricing of these projects. The purpose of this article is to identify and rank the factors affecting the pricing of BOT projects for the construction of suburban pedestrian bridges.

The research approach is quantitative and practical. The statistical population includes the managers and experts of the Road Maintenance & Transportation Organization and university professors specializing in this field. Fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify factors and BWM was used to prioritize them.

By reviewing the literature, 40 factors were extracted from previous studies, and based on the fuzzy Delphi results, after three rounds of expert opinion polls, 31 factors affecting the pricing of BOT projects for the construction of suburban pedestrian bridges were identified and classified into five groups, then using BWM are rated in overall and their group.

The overall ranking showed that the most important factors are the costs of pedestrian bridge construction, maintenance and operation, and equipment and personnel. The ranking in groups also showed that the main factors were ranked as the factors related to costs, contract setting, project, government, and the private sector. These results can help decision makers in this field to make the best decisions in the pricing process of similar projects.

The competition level among banks and financial institutions in Iran is notably intense. Success demands a novel approach to differentiate itself from competitors and effectively address the current challenges posed by competition. This study aims to formulate a Blue Ocean Strategy model in the banking industry for enhanced customer demand fulfillment, employing a strategy canvas and a four-action framework. Additionally, it endeavors to achieve an optimal pattern through the utilization of optimization techniques.

The present study adopts a quantitative approach in both data collection and research methodology. Conducted in an exploratory manner, the research is characterized by a practical orientation and a comparative approach. The statistical population consists of five managers and experts in the field of banking, who were selected using the available sampling method. First, to extract the main areas of increase, decrease, creation, and elimination in the four-action framework, interviews were conducted with experts. Then, the importance and prioritization of customers' needs and the relative cost of implementing these measures were determined using the BWM method. These actions were divided into human resources, organizational communication, performance evaluation, public relations, advertisement, organizational processes and structures, and placement and architecture. Finally, using the backpack model and weights derived from the BWM method at different levels of the organization's budget, the corresponding measures were selected.

The results showed that providing facilities such as customer clubs in the form of loans, health insurance, etc., and designing innovative and up-to-date advertising campaigns, are the most significant needs of customers. Improving the employees’ professional skills and designing a beautiful and elegant interior environment for banks are the least significant needs of customers. Comparing the final weight of customers’ actions showed that preventing corruption and rent-seeking as well as promoting customer awareness and creating customer club networks are the most important actions related to customer needs. Maintaining physical banking communications alongside virtual communications and limiting the scope of bank activity on specific fields are the least important actions related to customer needs. Comparing the final relative cost of actions related to customers’ needs showed that, creating loyal customer clubs and providing short-term facilities services, such as household baskets, sports credit cards, installment purchases, supplementary medical insurance, and expensive architecture of branches, have the highest relative cost. In addition, strengthening the sense of responsibility and responsiveness of employees as well as strengthening horizontal and vertical communications to expand work commitment in the banking system have the lowest relative cost among actions related to customer needs.

Applying the backpack model, the cost savings resulting from decrease and elimination measures were used to implement incremental and creative measures. To carry out more incremental and creative actions, this process should be implemented as a five-year strategy.

The focus of the present study is to design the teachers' intrinsic motivation model. It is a functional study and the mixed approach has been used in it. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part included all the experts in the department of education in the city of Isfahan from whom 13 experts were interviewed via semi-structured interview through purposive sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed in the quantitative part in order to confirm the model taken from the qualitive part and 530 questionnaires were distributed among all the teachers in the city of Isfahan and 504 ones which were complete have become the basis of analysis after being returned. The results in the qualitative part revealed that the positive effective factors and negative effective factors influence the intrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, per se, results in two personal and organizational outcomes. The results of quantitative part, too, show that the identified factors in the qualitative part have significant effect on the intrinsic motivation.