delphi technique

The development of a green and sustainable road transportation system is the best solution to overcome and achieve the transportation needs of the growing urban population and cargo transportation in front of megacities. This research has been conducted with the aim of systematic review of previous researches as well as identification of key elements and providing a model of effective measures to create a sustainable road transportation system in Bushehr province. By studying the relevant literature and using the textual content analysis approach, the number of seven indicators in the conceptual format of the sustainable transportation system including basic social, environmental and economic indicators were calculated, and in order to localize them, the Delphi technique was used in three rounds. . The statistical population of the research was made up of managers and experts familiar with the subject and working in the field of road and urban planning. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were also confirmed. In order to design a sustainable transportation model, an interpretive structural modeling approach was used in a fuzzy environment to manage linguistic ambiguities in judgments. The results of MiMak modeling and analysis showed that investment in the field of sustainable alternative energy, railway and road network development, infrastructure provision and urban space planning are among the basic and influential indicators in the field of sustainable transportation. Come Therefore, managers are suggested to emphasize and pay more attention to this group of indicators.

Referring to the IRAN’s sixth development plan, reducing vulnerability and promoting national stability in sensitive petrochemical industry is mandatory and technology has a vital role in providing passive defense requirements. Also due to globalization, technological progress is key driver of competitive advantages, the purpose of the research is identifying and prioritizing factors which affect the evaluation of PPC’s Technology based on the technological capabilities in the Atlas model, including techno-ware, human-ware, info-ware, orga-ware with capability and attractiveness criteria. Intelligent defense and improvement of resilience and passive defense are provided with continuous production, sales and exchange incomes through identifying and compensating the technology gap.

The purpose of the research is practical and implementation’s type is descriptive-survey.The data gathering method are questionnaire,interview and library, the statistical population are 24 people of experts. the 92 effective factors of Atlas model elements were collected, then Delphi questionnaire measure their importance, and relationship,effectiveness and ranking were done through the combined DEMATEL and ANP.

The human-ware and info-ware are driving forces with 30 and 24 weights-percent, and technology-oriented experts,creating motivation through leadership the most effective factors with 5.85 and 5.63 weights-percent.

The commitment of top management which is evident in maintaining technology-oriented experts, developing collaborative management, allocating resources, developing training and creating motivation, has more than 50 weight percent in using technology to achieve organization's competitive advantages and promote resiliency and passive defense

Nowadays, due to the large volume of assets in the water and wastewater industry and its impact on the development and sustainability of other industries, specific attention to this industry becomes more apparent. Since there are various equipments in this industry, achieving efficiency and proper performance in this equipment and maintenance system has been identified and then, with fuzzy decision-making which can be envisaged as innovation of this project, the ranking of the factors has been worked upon. The results of this requires timely maintenance and repairs. This study has evaluated the efficiency of these systems by considering the importance of paying attention to the factors that affect the performance of the maintenance system and consequently the quality and reliability. Considering the various evaluation and ranking methods, the present research has investigated this issue in two phases using operations research techniques and fuzzy decision making. In the first, the pivotal factors on the Alborz Province Water and Sewage Company’s function of upkeep study shows that water and sewage companies by employing of technological conditions that include quality and utilization of innovative technologies that have highest priority in comparison to other important alternatives with ultimate importance of 0.3123 could increase productivity.

One of the solutions that can play a key role in creating a sustainable urban management system and reducing traffic consequences, is to create a budget distribution system and optimize it based on proven patterns, in addition to wasting energy in human dimensions. And technically prevent, facilitate the flow of traffic load at the lowest cost. Providing an optimal model of budget distribution can be created and stabilized from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Quantitatively, the focus is on urban areas, and qualitatively, the emphasis is on how to optimize budget allocation to the components of transportation management needs assessment, which range from the nature of services to price and the flexibility of organizations. Involved in providing services to citizens. The purpose of this research is to present an approach of linear optimization in the form of a qualitative correction matrix model for transportation and urban traffic budget of Birjand, which has the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, accuracy and speed in use, as well as dynamic processes between Covers time. The research method is based on the integration of the Delphi technique method (which uses this method to collect expert opinions through a questionnaire that focuses on six dimensions of service nature, service quality, service delivery time, service price, flexibility in services By a hierarchical method that has been used to collect information from a questionnaire in a sample size of 30 experts and the share of each of the above six dimensions in a certain period of time from the total budget has been determined and It is weighted by numerical taxonomy and its compatibility is measured. Findings indicate that the current model of budget allocation in traffic management and urban transportation in Birjand is not optimal and needs serious revision. The maximum distance from the ideal conditions in allocating the budget is flexibility in providing services and then the budget that is spent on providing services to citizens. The results indicate that the current budget model in some components of traffic management and urban transportation needs to be seriously reviewed.

The economic growth of a country depends on several factors, among which the role of knowledge is undeniable. Many studies have shown that countries' GDP is often affected by the country's knowledge infrastructure. A knowledge-based economy is an economy that is directly based on the production, distribution and consumption of knowledge, and investment in knowledge and knowledge-based industries is given special attention. In this economy, where a significant share of GDP is from knowledge-based and knowledge-creating activities, knowledge generates more production than traditional factors such as labor and capital, and the value of many software and biotechnology companies arises from non-physical capitals, i.e. their knowledge and scientific privileges. Accordingly, knowledge creation is an essential weapon in today's world and without a continuous process of knowledge creation, any society is doomed to destruction. Knowledge creation and learning is the creation of new knowledge, or the replacement and improvement of the existing knowledge through social relations and organizational partnerships. The creation and application of knowledge has a major role in increasing wealth in a knowledge-based economy. The problem is that knowledge creation and learning has not been investigated at the national level yet.

By applying qualitative-quantitative methods, based on Delphi technique, the procedure of identifying and explaining the processes of national knowledge creation and learning has been discussed first. Then by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a significant t-value of more than 1.96, between the identified dimensions and the variable national knowledge creation and learning, was obtained that was acceptable.

Additionally, the impact of the process of national knowledge creation and learning on GDP was measured through conducting a survey and using a questionnaire, while taking the mediating role of national intelligence into account by using Sobel test. It was found that by including the mediating variable of national intelligence, the standardized beta for the relationship between national knowledge creation and learning, and gross domestic product was reduced from 0.80 to 0.18, but it is significant.

Therefore, the variable national intelligence plays the role of a partial mediator; in other words, while the impact of national knowledge creation and learning, as the main variable, is maintained, the mediating role of national intelligence also affects GDP. This research had some limitations. One of these limitations was the stereotyped thinking about the process of knowledge creation. In this study, only one dimension of knowledge management, namely ‘knowledge creation’ was used. While we can pay attention to all the processes of the knowledge management cycle in society, instead of just thinking about the creation of knowledge at the national level, in order to promote national performance. Based on this, it is suggested that other researchers consider other dimensions of the knowledge management cycle and go one step further. Researchers can also examine the existing challenges and potential barriers to the national knowledge creation process or the requirements for knowledge creation at the national level. Alternatively, researchers can study international knowledge creation processes by considering cultural differences and provide solutions to increase the likelihood of knowledge creation globally. It is suggested that future researchers make a comparative study of the national knowledge creation model with other models of measuring intellectual capital in the world and examine the strengths and weaknesses of each model and prioritize these models based on their applicability in similar countries. It is also suggested that researchers use fuzzy logic theory to make relative measurements of each of the constructs of the national knowledge creation process and conduct field and academic research in this regard. As another suggestion, researchers can conduct this research on a specific industry and compare its results with the results of this study. 

At the macro level, society includes a variety of industries and organizations, each of which in turn is moving toward becoming a foundational science because incompatibility with global developments leads to failure. So organizations need to have the flexibility to change their structure, goals, strategies, and vision. One of the tools used to create a knowledge-based organization is to create the process of knowledge creation to gain a competitive advantage. As a result creation of the concept of the process of creating national knowledge will is not out of the reach. Today, countries need management of knowledge resources and, in particular, the knowledge creation for knowledge development. There are lots of studies in the field of organizational knowledge creation and so various models have been developed for this purpose. But, the important point is that the creation of knowledge has so far been at the organizational level and in some cases cross-organization and among the subset of a parent organization. The innovation of this article is identifying the process of knowledge creation at the national level.

For this purpose, based on the literature review and analyzing the research gap, using the Delphi method and a survey of experts, possible processes at the national knowledge creation has been addressed. The panel of experts includes seven professors and experts in the field of knowledge management, who are both theoretically and experimentally familiar with this concept.

The results of Delphi technique show that the processes of socialization, externalization, combination, culture creation, application, and internalization can be referred to as the processes of national knowledge creation. Using interpretive structural modeling, it was revealed that the processes of socialization, internalization and externalization are at level 1, the processes of culture and combination are in the second level and the process of application is at the third level of the model.

The results of the National Knowledge Creation Model indicate that socialization, externalization, and internalization are the cornerstones of the model. This means that in order to successfully implement the creation of knowledge at the national level, one must first invest in these issues. According to the results obtained it is clearly seen that the processes of combination and culture making are independent dimensions and planning for combining knowledge among different organizations and organizational programming for culture building at organizational level can be done independent of other processes. It should be noted that the identification of the structures of the process of creating the national knowledge process has been achieved based on theoretical foundations and receiving the opinions and of a limited number of academic and experimental experts. Therefore, the scope for future research is the application of factor analysis method, path analysis and structural equation modeling approach to test the research model to examine the validity of the obtained model.

Uncertainties and environmental complexities have led organizations to have a comprehensive performance operation system in order to understand the desirability and quality of their activities. Balanced Scorecard is one of the tools that extract financial and non-financial measures together and consider balanced assessment of functions in four aspects. The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for designing a sustainable performance assessment system based on a scorecard for Iran's solar industry. The research methodology is the Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) approach. Based on this, seventeen indicators with a four aspects of Sustainable balanced scorecard have been identified by experts and a three-parameter gray Delphi method. Shannon entropy has been calculated weights of dimensions and perspectives and indices as a method of analysis. Finally, the most important areas for evaluating the performance of the organization were considered with regard to the importance and the score of performance indicators. The results indicate that the most weight in terms of sustainability of financial resources should be considered in order to evaluate these industries.

Summary The purpose of this research is to obtain the requirements of non-operational defenses in the design of metro station. This paper presents some criteria to reduce damages resulting from the enemy threats by using passive defense.
Introduction Subways as one of the critical and practical infrastructures with dual functions can be considered as a settlement for people during crisis and threat. The principles of safety and protection against natural and unnatural threats should be carefully regarded in the design of subways. Thus, to provide safety and protection against threats, the passive defense requirements in subways should be considered.
Methodology and Approaches The research methodology is of descriptive-analytical type and the technique used in this research is Delphi. The statistical population of the research is all the experts in the field of passive defense and architecture, and 12 individuals, for instance, have been selected from these experts. The average of the views of the members of the Working Group 4 indicates a high agreement among them.
Results and Conclusions The results of this research show that among the proposed architectural requirements of passive defense, the subway station is used as a refuge in the time of crisis with an average of 4.91 and has the highest score. The use of suitable bends with respect to engineering principles (90 degrees bends) with score or importance of 4.84 is the second requirement among the passive defense requirements. The maximum accessible radius to the station entrance is 500 meters. The third priority is the architectural requirements of the defense, and the provision of space and space to meet the essential needs and services of the people is the fourth priority. The necessity of self-sufficiency of ventilation systems, the existence of multiple ventilation ducts to deal with airborne bombs, emergency exits with the depth greater than the depth of the asylum seeker's location, adequate width and safety of tunnels for passage of persons, are the next priorities of these requirements. Finally, the necessary electrical systems and lighting of tunnels, the use of security and security systems, and the existence of an independent and emergency communication network for communication with the environment with score averages of 4.28, 4.18 and 4.11, respectively, are the last priorities of these requirement

Todays, environmental and international changes, competition domain expansion among banks and increasing the knowledge level of customers have made several challenges for banking systems. To cope with these evolutions, maintaining a competitive advantages and as a result creating values for customers, appropriate guidelines must be chosen. Among existing solutions, managing and expanding intellectual capital services is one of the most important and effective ones. Hence, in this research work, the focus is on detecting and evaluating the efficient elements on forming structural assets, as one of the component of intellectual capital.
The type and the procedure of research are practical, and descriptive-respectively. The study population is managers and employee of Economic Mehr Bank of Yazd province. The data are gathered by census via questionnaire. Afterwards, they are analyzed by SPSS software, binomial test as a statistical technique and the matrix importance of performance. According to the results of assumptions test, organization culture, organization structure, information systems, managing approaches, innovation and knowledge managing are in suitable conditions. At the end, according to the importance and performance of these factors in banking systems, some suggestions have been proposed in order to bank operational goals are coming true.

Transportation is one of the most important and essential installation and communication infrastructure of the regions. Freight terminals are vital in region substructure which are urban and rural transportation confluence area. Using these systems lead to reduce air pollution, improve traffic state and provide safety, welfare of people and drivers. Thus, the selection of suitable location for constructing is possible by using new principals. This research have attempted to select and investigate the index in the light of general measures of location use, some special norms of transportation infrastructure use, and finally using Delphi technique. To reach this goal, a group of specialists in the field of transportation were selected and interviewed, through which some important index of Alborz province freight terminal location were obtained. Then the index were inserted in a score table, which were presented to senior experts in order to score them. The scores of each index are between 1-5. Also, by using geographical data, preliminary maps of the region were provided through GIS software. Then by overlapping the maps and score the indexes (as nearness to Road network, Freight terminal, infrastructure, remoteness of the city population density and underground natural resources), suitable location for the construction of freight terminal were selected. Among these locations and due to the regional conditions, the most optimal location for the construction of Alborz Province freight terminal was selected.

This study is about Environmental Risks Analysis of Helleh protected area of boushehrwith using AHP method. Helleh protected area with extension about 48940.82 hectares, is located at geographic coordinates of 24، ´38، 50)  (till
(23،´ 56، 50)eastern longitude and (24، ´03، 29) till (50، ´16، 29)northern latitude. In this study at the first Delphi method was applied for hazard identification in area. Also according to the field studies, interview with natives and studying the database of helleh, the couple of risks were added to the factors that were identified with Delphi method. Finally 26 risks were identified in two groups that are including natural events and environmental risks. At the next stage, analytical hierarchy process was applied for analysis and priority of identified risks. In this study, the risks were assessed by using of three criteria like severity, probability and vulnerability. With building of raeesali delvari dam on top of the helleh protected area almost 232300 m3 from fresh water of helleh wetland was layed off and only the salinity water of DalakiRiver is streaming to the wetland. This can cause threaten the wetland, fauna and flora of wetland. So the Raeesali delvari dam with weight 0.116 is in preference 1. The rest of risks are in preference 2 till 26. Some ways that have suggested for control the risks are including laying off water pumping from the wetland and regarding to the hunting season, multiplicity and type of legal hunting.