جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Input-Output Table » در نشریات گروه « اقتصاد کشاورزی »

Today due to the unbalanced distribution of water resources as well as the unbalanced distribution of the population, it is necessary that the justly distribution of water, the allocation and optimal utilization of water resources for the needs of different parts and in different areas  be done.Water transfer plans are one of the water supply and development projects, which on the one hand is a response to the problem of imbalance with the distribution of the population and its related activities, and on the other hand, is the spatial distribution of water. These plans are a solution to the water crisis and has economic, social, and environmental effects. This study investigates the productive effects of the project of Taleghan water transfer to Tehran and Alborz provinces in the form of a general equilibrium model. For this purpose, the input-output table of each province designed and implemented using the general equilibrium model of water transfer scenario. Based on the results, with increasing 114 million cubic meters and 35 million cubic meters of drinking water respectively for Tehran and Alborz provinces, with a tariff of 4,000 Rials, household expenditure for Tehran and Alborz provinces, respectively, grows by 37 and 108 percent. Due to the growth of household expenditures, the production of various economic sectors, except for the product and treatment sector of water, had a small growth in the rest of the sectors.

Increasing demand for water resources and reducing resources has led to the implementation of various water management policies and procedures. Water transfer plans are one of these methods, which on the one hand is a response to the problem of imbalance with the distribution of the population and its related activities, and on the other hand, the spatial distribution of water. These plans, while is a solution to the water crisis, have effects. Therefore, this study investigates the long-term welfare and economic effects of Taleghan water transfer project to Tehran Province in 30 years in the form of a general dynamic equilibrium model. For this purpose, the input-output table of Tehran province was first designed and social accounting matrix was obtained. and then the dynamic general equilibrium model was used to investigate water transfer in the long-run. The results of this study show the negative effects of household welfare,and the effect of these projects on gross output, value added, investment demand, household demand in agriculture, industry and services is not significant, and also in This trend continues for 30 years. Hence, the results of such studies and studies of other effects can be a guide for planners and policymakers for future plans.

In recent dacades,the unbalanced pattern of foreign trade and its impact on the unfair emission of pollutants in different countries, has been considered by policymakers.in addition to the economic effects of trade, its environmental effects should also be considered in calculating the real trade balance or "green trade balance". in the present study, using the input-output technique. monetary losses resulting and the added value created in the trade process, are estimated in nineteen sectors. The net environmental damage is equal to 4.8% of the net value added and 1.7% of Iran's trade deficit in 2019. The results show that Iran, despite having a trade deficit, is a net importer of pollution. Estimates in the second stage confirm the higher export losses ($ 60.2) compared to the avoided import losses ($ 38.7) for each monetary unit of trade. In fact,Iran is turned to “port of pollution” because of it’s structure. In terms of trade relations with other countries, most of the pollution was imported from Iraq and Afghanistan, while the most polluted exports were to Germany, Switzerland and France, respectively. In trade with China, there are also reciprocal effects (lower income trade and greater environmental damage). Given the current difficult economic and political conditions, the best strategy to simultaneously achieve economic and environmental goals is to develop import alternatives in the groups of pharmaceuticals and health, agriculture, recreational services, arts and tourism, wood, paper and leather textile products. Because they have the lowest proportion of environmental damage to value added among economic groups with a negative trade balance. Also, the minimum amount of environmental damage for each monetary unit of trade is observed in the mentioned groups. The comparison of the study findings with the results of other researches confirms the high potential of the pharmaceutical and health materials group in achieving both economic and economic goals during import substitution policy.

Establishing the free trade and removing the customs barriers will create a competitive environment internationally. Therefore, it is likely that by the liberalization of trade, activities formed under the umbrella of strong supportive policies will be difficult. The Iranian agricultural sector is strongly supported by the import tariff tool, as compared to many countries and the region. Hence, the analysis of the effects of the removal of tariffs on the liberalization of agricultural sector and the impact of intergenerational links are essential. In order to carry out this research, the import tariffs for agricultural sector were determined. For this purpose, HS codes were initially equated with ISIC codes; and out of 5473 items with 8 digit HS codes, 210 items were identified for the agricultural sector. After equating and identifying the imports of agricultural sector, the tariff rate was calculated in 2011. The results showed that the agricultural sector's agricultural tariff was 15.14 percent. In the next step, the effects of full liberalization of the agricultural sector were simulated in the framework of the input-output table updated in 2011. The results showed that the final demand and value added in the country's economy would increase with the liberalization of agricultural trade; and consequently, the output value would increase. Additionally, the backward and forward linkages of the three subsectors of agriculture including horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry would be smaller. However, key sectors of the Iranian economy, before and after the liberalization of the agricultural sector, would not change. According to the results, liberalization begins with sections that show the slightest changes in past and present links.

Production in agricultural sector is always facing with some fluctuations. Since this sector provides inputs for most of the economic sectors, fluctuations in production of agricultural sector are transferred to the related sectors and, results in fluctuation in these sectors. Given that food and beverage industries are the main industries using agricultural products, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of production changes in agricultural subsectors (crops and horticulture, livestock and poultry, fisheries and forestry) on the production of food and beverage industries. To this end, Ghosh supply-driven model based on input-output table is applied as the analytical framework. In addition, to investigate the effect trend of the production change in agricultural sector on the food and beverage products over past three decades, input-output tables of 1986, 1991, 2001 are utilized. Results indicate that changes in production of agricultural sub-sectors have the highest effect on food and beverage industries relative to the other economic sectors. Moreover, investigation of changes in the linkage between agricultural subsectors and food and beverage industries over studied period shows that linkages of the fisheries sub-sector have increased. For livestock and poultry sub-sector, these linkages remained constant, where the other agricultural sub-sectors have experienced a decrease in linkages with food and beverage industries. These result lead to the conclusion that, to create more values from crops and horticultural products, the expansion of food industries which are more related to these products, has to be considered more seriously.

In recent years, trade liberalization has become one of the main objectives of governments and policymakers. In this regard, removing import tariffs is the most important step that can have significant effects on production, employment and welfare. Undoubtedly, eliminating tariffs will reduce domestic producer's power over the foreign producer, and this will affect employment in the entire economy. Accordingly, the present study examines the effects of removing agricultural sub-sectors tariffs on direct and indirect employment using the input-output table in 2011. To achieve the research goal, after import tariffs were calculated for agricultural sub-sectors, the effects of eliminating import tariffs were examined on agricultural sector and its sub-sectors including agriculture, horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing on employment. Thus, due to the removal of agricultural import tariffs, will be created 3.7 percent and 2.6 percent reduction in direct employment and indirect employment, respectively. As a result, due to trade liberalization in the agricultural sector, indirect employment will decline more than direct and indirect employment. Based on indirect employment index, in scenarios eliminating import tariffs for agriculture and horticulture, animals breeding, forestry and fishing, decrease by 5.4, 0.26, 0.52 and 0.03 percent respectively. According to these results, it can be said that removing the tariff barriers of agricultural sub-sectors, in addition to reducing direct employment, also leads to a reduction of indirect employment and more effective on sectors that have strong links with this sub-sector. Therefore, it is recommended, the government pay attention to indirect effects on the employment sector to other sectors before any action to remove import tariff sectors.

The aim of this research is identification of intra-sectoral linkages and production chains of agriculture sector in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, at first, input-output table for Khuzestan province is prepared by using CHARM method. Then, by using APL method and backward and forward linkages, production chains among economic sectors of province are recognized by emphasizing on agricultural sector. The results indicate that direct linkage among production sectors in Khuzestan province is weak. Agriculture sector has a direct relationship only with food and beverage production. In addition, this sector along with mining, set at the first of production chains and forms production chains with all industrie's sub sectors of Khuzestan province. Therefore, investment in agricultural sector can grow up industry sector of this province indirectly.

In this study, using the Input - Output table in 2011 and adjusted it for Hamedan province, the economic development regard to employment in agricultural sector was studied. The results revealed that the agriculture sector has seventh rank in direct employment generation but this sector has a high potential in indirect employment generation. According to the results, agricultural sector can help to balanced growth of Hamedan province. Also, agricultural sector has sixth rank in backward and forward linkages. Results show that development of food industries in this province can help to increase of employment opportunities and production.