delphi

The historical fabric is an interconnected expanse of buildings, complexes, spaces, or urban facilities that contain valuable, irreplaceable remnants from the past, playing a significant role in raising community awareness of their history and cultural values. In our country, the historical fabric refers to that part of the urban structure formed before 1921 (1300 Hijri Shamsi). These areas, despite their significant identity value, generally suffer from physical decay, lack of safety standards, and inadequate urban services and infrastructure, leading to a lower status in terms of residence and location. Specifically, parts of Iranian cities formed up to the Qajar era can be considered historical fabric, representing a period before the transformative changes of the first Pahlavi era began.

The research method is exploratory-applied. Data collection was conducted through library and survey methods. The sample for expert interviews (to analyze the driving forces) consisted of 30 individuals divided into two groups of 15, following the Delphi model. The Micmac method was employed to analyze and rank the key factors affecting the regeneration of the historical fabric. This method, rooted in foresight studies and strategic planning, aids in identifying and analyzing the drivers and dependencies related to overall decision-making.

After screening the research variables, 38 variables were selected as initial influential factors for the regeneration of the historical fabric, categorized into five main factors (economic, social, physical, environmental, and managerial-institutional). These variables were analyzed using the Micmac software. According to the results, the distribution and dispersion of variables influencing regeneration in Kashan on the scatterplot indicated system instability. Thus, five categories of variables (influential variables, two-dimensional variables, regulatory variables, dependent variables, and independent variables) were identified and elaborated upon. The variables that had the most significant impact on regeneration development, as well as those two-dimensional variables (with both high influence and dependency on other factors), were identified as key factors. Therefore, the ten key and important factors for urban regeneration development in Kashan were determined to be: good urban governance, urban resilience, infrastructure facilities, timely budget and funding allocation, rapid and cost-effective construction technologies, ensuring residential security in the fabric, local organizations for participation, social capital, capacity to increase residents' income, and balancing and social justice.

The structural development of the city of Kashan for the current and future state requires considering key factors in planning. For structural planning of urban redevelopment in Kashan, all factors involved in urban redevelopment planning are regarded as an interconnected system with integrated elements, and their interrelationships are assessed to identify the superior factors with the most significant influence. These key factors are then employed in urban redevelopment planning to ensure that the redevelopment system in Kashan results in the most sustainable development for the city. To achieve this, all components of social, environmental, economic, physical, and managerial-institutional factors are incorporated as a system.
The factors that have had the greatest impact on redevelopment, as well as dual-impact factors (those that are both highly influenced by and have a significant impact on other factors), have been identified as key factors. Therefore, it can be stated that the redevelopment of historic urban fabrics is driven by a complex interaction of factors, including historical awareness, adaptive strategies, community participation, economic sustainability, and strong policy frameworks. Future research should continue to explore these drivers in various contexts to develop comprehensive models that address the unique challenges faced by cities undergoing redevelopment. By integrating these elements into planning processes, cities can create resilient environments that honor their past while embracing future scenarios.

Due to its environmental and historical-cultural capabilities, the city of Maragheh has a high potential for tour-ism, which can be provided with proper planning and identification of its tourism advantages and limitations to achieve sustainable tourism development. Due to its dependence on agricultural products, the economy of Maragheh has been seriously damaged during times of frost and has a negative impact on the seasonal and permanent employment of the city. Therefore, investment in tourism can help to solve this shortcoming. Using the classic Delphi method, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the tourism of Maragheh city were examined using the perspective of the city's tourism elites, who were 30 people in total, and the presence of experts is the basis of this research. The matrix table of priority, importance and consensus indicators shows that the existence of rich historical and ancient monuments in Maragheh city is considered the most important strength in the development of tourism in Maragheh region. Also, the components of inappropriate environmental and physical infrastructure are considered the most important weaknesses. Besides these, the rich history of this city is the best opportunity to attract tourists. According to the strategies proposed regarding the tourism of Maragheh city, more emphasis can be placed on the competitive/aggressive strategy, because the natural location of the city, the development of ecotourism and geotourism, and many historical records in the city prove that more attention can be paid to this strategy. However, this natural situation or the existing potentials in the sports infrastructure in order to hold sports competitions can also take into account the diversity strategy. Finally, one of the main solutions for the development of tourism is the development of infrastructure in all dimensions in the city. It is Maragheh.

In recent years, with the advent of building information modeling (BIM), significant progress has been made in the quality of the designs and execution of projects. BIM-based models are widely applied to project safety planning and control of time and cost in construction projects. The use of Building Information Modeling has also shown a positive influence on process of clash detection and clash resolution. During the design stages, BIM drawings and plans produced by individual designers are integrated into a federated model and tested to detect design clashes, which if they are not carefully detected and resolved in the design phase, they risk the safety, time, and cost of the project management in addition to increasing the workload. Because of the confined spaces left for MEP systems, between the various elements, mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) design clashes have traditionally dogged the design process. The purpose of this study is to grouping MEP elements to determine their priority in terms of time and cost in the clash resolution process. This research uses the Delphi method to group MEP elements and then applied the Fuzzy-AHP method to determine the weight of MEP elements.

Nowadays, most of the major municipalities are faced with many new projects up and running, sometimes their essential resources to start or finish them is several times more than the annual calculated budget. Most of the project-driven organizations use project portfolio management approach to deal with these types of problems and better productivity of their projects. The main constituent components include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the portfolio. The main objectives of this study is Identifying the most important aspects and criteria of projects selection and prioritization in the Department of Urban Development and Architecture, optimal portfolio selection and offering a mix of relative value models for the study's project portfolio selection. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive - review one in terms of data collection. The instruments of data collection are reviews of documentation, interviews and questionnaires. According to the paper findings, the project portfolio management consists of a four-step process, portfolio selection, approval, implementation, monitoring and control. The project portfolio is defined and chosen as the first step through a five-step process, classification of projects, comprehensive evaluation of project, project selection, prioritization of projects and balancing the portfolios (in the case of more than one portfolio). The second step is making decisions of the approval and allocation of resources. Implementing the approved portfolio usually done at the third step and finally, the fourth step is consisted of a continuous and regular reporting and monitoring of all the undertaken works during the process of the running project portfolio. Classification methods and models of portfolio can be pointed out as other findings of this research. The project portfolio selection procedures can be classified into four groups, relative value models, economic value models, optimization models and artificial intelligence models. Unlike the economic value models, the relative value models assesse the projects based on a comparison against fixed scale or other projects and take advantages of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the projects selection simultaneously. The proposed model for Urban Development and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality's project portfolio were offered as a combination of Delphi, Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS techniques. In the first phase of the proposed model, Delphi method was used to determine the dimensions and criteria of the projects selection and prioritization. In order to select and prioritize case study projects, decision criteria were separately recognized and classified through technical, financial, social, environmental and economic cases for the selection of new projects, and technical, financial, social, environmental, risks and economic cases for the prioritizing new running projects with low percent of physical progress. In the second stage, weights of the dimensions and criteria were determined through network analysis process, so that, social, environmental and financial criteria obtained more points than the other groups by reviewing its results in both the selection and prioritization. In the third stage, final grading of the projects was done by TOPSIS technique, and the projects portfolio orders and points were determined. The results of the first step can be used in the resource allocation in the second step process of portfolio management.

In the last decades, pedestrianization as one of the most powerful and effective strategies for redesigning street has been employed to reduce the negative consequences of car dependency. Moreover, this strategy has been widely recognized as an effective policy to economic prosperity and revitalization of social life in the downtowns. Global experiences on pedestrianization revealed that this strategy could reduce environmental impacts of car-driven policies and might lead to socio-economic and physical regeneration of cities. However, in most developing countries like Iran, the over-emphasis on the priority of car mobility has led to reducing quality of urban life, especially in city centers. In this context, the Qom city as one of the Iran’s metropolises experienced similar problems over the last few decades. Like most urban centers, the downtown of this metropolis faces many problems such as economic decline and social and environmental deterioration. In the past few years, exacerbation of these issues has caused politicians and urban managers to put the pedestrian projects on their agenda. However, the main challenging issue for the planner is prioritizing the pedestrianization of routs due to financial limitations and walkability. Accordingly, this paper prioritizes the adjacent routs of Masoumeh holly shrine, Qom city, for implementing pedestrianization projects. The research method is combined and we used Delphi technique to criteria selection. Based on Delphi method 13 criteria were chosen to prioritize and choose the most appropriate street. Moreover, we have conducted a survey for exploring people and pilgrim's perspectives about quantities and qualities features of routs. Finally, AHP technique was used for weighing the criteria and ArcGIS platform was employed to overlay the criteria to make a composite map, which shows the appropriate route for the pedestrian project. The people and pilgrims’ perspectives about quantities and qualities features of routs showed that Eram St. was more appropriate than others routs for implementing pedestrian project. However, Moallem St. is the most unsuitable routs. Nonetheless, analyzing secondary data indicated that although Eram St. has appropriate width, length, parking facilities, and slope, many historical buildings lay in Azar Street. Finally, based on AHP and expert's opinions, 13 criteria were chosen to prioritize the streets. Social and economic indicators gained the highest scores. By using GIS, all these scores were entered to the base maps database. Thus, by the reclassification of layers, Eram was selected as the most appropriate street for pedestrianization. Generally, integrating the people and pilgrims’ perspectives, secondary analysis and expert’s views showed that Eram Street, because of enjoying mixed land uses and diverse activities, crowded pedestrian network, and the existence of parking facilities, is the most suitable route for beginning pedestrianization. Azar and Taleghani Streets were in the next priority.

Explore the formation and expansion of the scope of poverty, suggesting the effectiveness of multidimensional components economic, social and physical environment are. This study identified components of effective influence in expanding the scope of poverty and economic features of the Enlightenment, the correlation is. In order to reach the goal of the research methodology used, the method is descriptive. Delphi technique and the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) are used as a model to identify the extent of poverty. The results of this study suggest that the four components studied (economic, social, physical and environmental), both environmental and physical factors correlated with the making and expanded scope of poverty had.

Passive defense is one of the contemporary issues, which has been considered in urban plans. Nowadays, this issue is included in urban master plans via setting specific regulations on location of land uses and empowering of buildings which can be used for all cities(not only the case study). This research contributes to decrease in possible damages from military attacks in cities by introducing a new method, analyzing city and it`s effective elements on passive defense. Birjand is one of the border line cities of Iran which due to be the center of Southern Khorasan province and locating of managerial and strategic centers, has a special condition. To identify the vulnerable elements of this city from passive defense point of views, the Delphi method were used regards to the previous studies had been done on this issue? Base on this, a twenty-item list containing the vulnerable elements prepared and valued by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Then the vulnerability layer produced with the interpolation density analysis using GIS software. In addition to the vulnerable elements, the effective urban indexes on this issue such as population densities and size of plots have been surveyed in order to prepare the vulnerable layer of the city. After this, the produces layers mixed with each other and make the final vulnerable zoning of Birjand with passive defense approach. At the end, based on the analysis conducted about each urban element, the mitigating solutions and recommendations proposed in order to decrease the level of damages from military attacks.

The main objective of this study is evaluation of the production systems in hand-weaving household. Therefore, we use multiple criteria decision making (Taxonomy, Delphi) whit respect to economic criteria, social criteria, management criteria and qualitative criteria. The results indicate that, based on the performance of production system, employer system in large scale firms was found to be the top rank and as a result it became the best production system for the carpet industry in Azerbaijan provinces.