جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Indigenous Architecture » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Unlike many contemporary urban constructions that have lost their Iranian identity and are developed without consideration for cultural values and principles of sustainable and Iranian architecture. Still in the villages of Iran, due to its high age and Valuable texture, a proportionate and homogeneous collection can be observed, in which the connections, functions and roles of the spaces in housing encompass a proportionate socio-economic and cultural system. The villages of Venan and Kohandan Baft are relatively valuable in terms of native architecture and worthy of study, with the existing types of rural housing in this article being among the examples examined in this research. In this study, the villages have been studied in terms of settlement, appearance, landscape, texture, and housing, and they have been analyzed from two perspectives: the assessment of the climatic pattern and the assessment of the spatial-functional pattern. In this research, since the characteristics of the village need to be examined, a qualitative method is used to describe the data and examine a case study, and an analytical method is used to draw conclusions from the collected data. Furthermore, the method of collecting information involves using library sources to gather basic information, followed by field studies through visiting and observing the village sites.

At the end of the 20th century, under the influence of post-modern architecture, environmental perspectives entered the field of theorizing native architecture, and the possibility of extending the values and models of native architecture to modern architecture was studied. These approaches were influenced by localism and regionalism against the globalization caused by modernity. In these views, the relationship between native people and nature and the role of human needs in the formation of native architecture have always been emphasized. Also, the lack of adequate and correct knowledge based on the fundamental and original concepts of house architectural patterns has led to disturbances in the fundamental structures in the architecture of today's houses. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey method that has used the data tools of documentary and field studies. The findings of the research have shown that the problems of living in the residential spaces of the modern society have caused frustration and negative reaction to some achievements of civilization. Proper lighting is the most important subject on which there is consensus or, more precisely, consensus. Living in apartment spaces where people receive less natural light has caused pessimism towards modern architecture. After that, having a suitable and simple geometry, having suitable human proportions and the ability to revive with ninety-five percent, cultural continuity and the role of canopies with ninety percent, and the items of having a central courtyard, a pit, a garden, a variety of space and a suitable space connection With 80% saturation of opinion, they are noticeable.

Increasing fossil fuel consumption, on the one hand, along with their non-renewable nature, escalating costs, and the destructive environmental and economic effects of energy consumption, on the other hand, increase the need to use passive systems in buildings. One of the effective solutions to reduce energy consumption and consumption of fossil fuels in the building and also to reduce its adverse environmental effects (increasing greenhouse gas emissions) is the use of passive energy. The facade of residential buildings, as the main mediator between indoor and outdoor space, is an important element in controlling sunlight to the interior and reducing energy consumption. Two important strategies to improve the thermal performance of the building facade include shading devices that reduce annual energy consumption and provide better protection against glare. The second solution aims to investigate the effect of heat transfer or heat resistance of materials used in the building facade by controlling the effects of solar radiation and designing the facade under climate conditions, and reducing the heat transfer by choosing the right materials that can reduce the amount of domestic energy demand. The shape of the building, the orientation of the building, its external and internal walls and materials, the thermal insulation of the facade, the dimensions of the window, the ratio of the window to the wall, and the external shading device can be introduced as effective parameters in reducing energy consumption. Improving the performance of building facades is possible through facade materials, shading devices, and window-to-wall ratio structure. It is important to carry out practical investigations into the thermal efficiency of building facades in order to decrease the amount of energy used for cooling and heating buildings, which represents a significant portion of the world’s energy consumption. As a result, an architectural strategy that focuses on morphology (specifically, architectural morphology) should be examined.

In the hot and humid climate of Bushehr, the most significant climatic condition is excessive heat. Therefore, it is crucial to research climate-based solutions that can manage the transmission of undesirable heat and lessen the cooling requirements. This study focuses on exploring the thermal efficiency and the transfer of heat caused by solar radiation through building facades in the hot and humid climate of Bushehr. Additionally, it examines the impact of facade design strategies inspired by Bushehr’s native architecture on decreasing the indoor temperature of the building. The research variables that were examined include wooden shading devices (horizontal, vertical, lattice), porches, deep windows, facade materials, and window-to-wall ratio. Each variable has an effect on various types of energy consumption, such as electricity, heat, heating energy, and cooling, which were analyzed in the study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between independent and dependent variables and analyze their impact on each other. The study involved simulating each building for all twelve months of the year. This simulation included assessing the amount of solar radiation absorbed by building surfaces, its transfer to the interior, and the resulting cooling load demand. The findings are presented through separate diagrams. In the first step, the behavioral pattern of the building facade with respect to the north-south openness was examined to control and reduce the amount of sunlight received and also to reduce the indoor air temperature subsequently, the study extracted general patterns from indigenous facade components that were related to the structure and function of shading devices, facade materials, and their openings. To understand the historical context of shading devices in Bushehr, the various types of shades present in the buildings of this region were classified, and the different shading solutions used in Bushehr were identified. In line with the purpose of the research, it is necessary to test different types of shading devices as research variables. Then check the type of materials and the dimensions of the openings used in the facades.

To address the research questions, separate simulations were conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of shading devices, window-to-wall ratio, and facade materials in an apartment building. The optimal variable to reduce the cooling load was selected and applied to the building, and its thermal behavior to improve the thermal performance of future buildings in hot and humid climates was studied as the optimal building. The simulation was performed using Design Builder software with Energy Plus simulator engine and Climate Consultant software version 55 and Ashrae thermal comfort model. The findings indicate that the most efficient facade configuration comprises of vertical blinds, lattice windows, and a white cement facade, which resulted in a cooling load reduction of up to 38% and a total load reduction of up to 33% for the building.

The simulation results reveal that the optimal building configuration outperformed both the basic research model and local models on selected days throughout the year, in terms of load testing. This highlights the importance of implementing local solutions in the architecture of hot and humid climates.

Architecture arose due to human need for shelter and quickly became a basic expression of technical and social skills. Today, due to the influx of non-native cultures and the consumption pattern of the developed world to our country, the culture of modernity and modernity has replaced the original and traditional culture. Therefore, in different indigenous regions, without considering the valuable principles and rules of architecture left over from their predecessors, buildings emerged that not only did not break our sense of security, satisfaction and cultural boundaries, but also did not benefit in terms of construction quality. In this study, using a research method based on a questionnaire and Q factor analysis, out of a total of 20 experts, four factors whose values ​​are higher than one were identified. By examining the answers, it can be seen that there are 4 mental patterns among architects, which indicates the existence of 4 complementary views in recognizing the physical technological elements in traditional architecture and their applicability in modern architecture. Findings show that climate, environment and space are very important in Iranian architecture, especially in Isfahan, and have been forgotten in contemporary architecture, which can result in many problems of mental and physical health and high energy consumption in the building

One of the primary and valuable elements in the transmission of indigenous culture is undoubtedly the architecture of each region which play a fundamental role. In today's modern world, with the advent of technology and its development, many of these values and Iranian-Islamic cultural patterns in the native architecture of Iran have been forgotten. The present article attempts to study the signs and works of Islamic art wisdom in the native architecture of Iran in two permanent buildings in the city of Hamedan; the Alawite dome and the tomb of Ibn Sina. To achieve this goal, this article deals with the signs of the wisdom of Islamic art and its manifestation in the native architecture of these two buildings in a descriptive-analytical form. This manifestation can be sought in elements such as form, texture, color, materials, and decorative motifs. The study’s findings indicate the existence of the mentioned signs in both buildings. Still, the Alawite dome shows this relationship better due to its sub-characteristics and how it originated and evolved. Finally, what is noteworthy is that the secret to originality and value of traditional Iranian architecture has been paying attention to indigenous architecture, Islamic culture, and art.

The architecture of the houses of Qaleno village in Sistan has responded to the slope of the village as well as taken into account the climate and culture consideration. The main question of this research is whether introversion is only for adaptation to climate or in addition to environmental force, cultural factors are involved. The main purpose of this study is to carry out a spatial analysis of indigenous architecture to show the components of introversion in Qaleno village. This research has a fundamental nature and applies a qualitative method to address the issue with a descriptive-interpretive approach. There are eight types of housing in Qaleno village, and they all have the element of Miansara (courtyard) in common. After introducing and analyzing the elements and components of the houses, the spatial arrangement of the houses has been investigated by using graphs to show how the spaces are organized and how they relate to each other. Due to the linearity and normal distribution of statistical data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze them. The value of the obtained coefficient in two cases indicates that in the first case, introversion correlates with the number of Miansaras; and in the second case, introversion correlates with the number of spaces. Moreover, the studies showed that Qaleno houses have no windows towards the public space, and they are substituted with Koulak and Sourak, which also act as blinds. In addition, elements such as Hashti and Kham are used to divide the exterior and the interior. Miansaras are the major elements of the houses to the extent that some houses have up to five Miansaras, which are connected to every room by windows and doors. The results of this study show that the indigenous architecture of Qaleno village is influenced more by cultural factors rather than climatic ones and is different from the architecture of other areas because of the slope and the number of Miansaras it has.

The special environmental conditions along the Caspian Sea have created a different architectural identity from other climates in Iran, and this shows the interaction of environmental and climatic factors and technical and cultural learning. This research seeks to analyze the relationship between environmental and cultural systems in the rural architectural structure. For this purpose, a case study located in the eastern plain of Gilan was selected and data related to the structure of the house were collected in the field and simulated with 3D software, Then it was analyzed by descriptive method and using qualitative diagrams. The structure of the indigenous houses is the result of different environmental, cultural, social and climatic systems. Although each system can be analyzed separately, it is seen as a coordinated set. As a result, considering the tools and environmental facilities, the environmental generating system is the main factor in creating structures, and the linear feature of plant materials in rural houses has caused the main form to be seen as extensive woven networks.

The existing structures in society are interrelated. Ritual art is the objective manifestation of culture, religious ideologies and popular beliefs of the social activist. Takaya architecture is a mirror of the Shiite artist's traditions of thought, speech and action in relation to "time and place". Ritual architecture is an art mixed with culture, hence, the art of Takaya is a native architecture and the manifestation of history, race, art, climate, Shiite religion, tradition, identity and culture of the people of Mazandaran. Analyzing the criteria of culture and the importance of ritual art, in addition to expressing the values ​​of Takaya architecture, can provide design guidelines for designers to create a higher quality space. Using the richness of ecology and cultural geography of Mazandaran, the present study has dealt with the interaction of ritual culture and art to narrate the sufferings of Imam Hussein (PBUH), his family, his companions and the mourning rituals of Ashura in the Takaya architecture. This research is of qualitative type which has been accomplished by the means of a historical-interpretive method and information is gathered in the form of documents and field analysis; moreover descriptive-analytical and comparative methods have been used in data analysis. The statistical population of the study is a number of nine participants from Amol city. The results show that the criteria of culture (power structure, social status, kinship edifice, endowment, vows, age and gender of the user of space) and the local rituals of the people of Mazandaran (Divan, paddy field, Zan Shahi, Barf Chal, Vavarun, Shilan) and artistic ceremonies that include ritual painting (Saqanfar paintings), ritual architecture (Takaya) and ritual representation (Taziyeh) have had a reciprocal effect on reviving, perpetuating, adapting and promoting each other. Culture has had a great impact on architecture and in return, architecture has been one of the influential factors on culture.

1. Recognition of ritual art and cultural standards in the native architecture of Takaya Mazandaran. 2. Investigation of the effect of ritual culture and art on the arrangement of elements of Takaya ritual architecture.

Research questions: 

1. What are the effective criteria of culture on the architecture of Takaya Mazandaran? 2. What is the relationship between ritual culture and architecture, ceremonial representation and ritual painting?

Today's architecture has no roots in its past, given the changes and changes of the present century. In the interaction with local culture, it has been subject to a considerable distance; hence, the emotion of residents to spaces has decreased and the sense of belonging as a factor for the transformation of spaces to spaces with specific sensory and behavioral properties has been eroded. In spite of past architecture, this is part of the culture embedded in it and the architecture form as a platform for conveying cultural message. The aim of this study is to find the methods of culture in past architecture and how they affect the sensing of belonging to the location in today s architecture. The present study is qualitative in nature and its method is descriptive - analytic and its method is derived from library sources and field information in order to collect information. the results of this study show that the elements of localization of culture in past architecture are: with self, others, nature and god, security, self - centrality, reflection, geometry, hierarchy, transparency, continuity, continuity and after focusing on the concept of belonging to location and classification and definition of environmental, individual and semantic factors affect the determinants of culture in the aforementioned factors and the theoretical model is formulated; utilizing them can be effective in enhancing the sense of belonging to the location of modern spaces.

Home is the initial need of human and settlement is a basic requirement in human communities. Since past times, it was the aspiration of human to meet these needs suitably and to some extent has always challenged human communities and has made changes in its different dimensions. These changes in from, design, material and knowledge of settlement construction are going to be investigated. The purpose of this research is to assess the adaptation of new construction with the indigenous architecture and also the satisfaction rate of the people for the new architecture. So, in line with approaching the objective of this research, the economic, sanitary, stability, cultural, functional and physical components of both categories for new and indigenous housing have been taken into consideration. Our statistical community is the villages of the central part of Delfan County. About 17 villages of more than 50 households where the new construction have taken place are accidentally selected. In the meantime, by using cuchran formula, sample volume of 133 heads of family was chosen. In line with assessing the adaptation of new constructions with indigenous architecture and also studying the people’s satisfaction of new architecture, the T test, vilkakson test and also way analysis model were used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of categories on new architecture. The results of Vilkakson test show that in all categories except for the compatibility with the social situation of family from cultural category, there is no adaptation in new constructions and local architecture. Also the T test shows that people have satisfaction with the physical, stability and sanitary categories in new construction but are not satisfied with the cultural, economic and functional categories. Finally, the way analysis test shows that cultural category has had the most direct effect and the economic category has had the most indirect effect on new construction.