جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عفونت پوستی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and it transmitted by female phlebotomus mosquitoes. Military forces staff are part of vulnerable groups with high probability of contracting disease for reasons such as participating in military maneuver, deployment in border areas, outskirts of cities in endemic areas. Some studies show that the incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis among military forces is higher than its incidence rate in the civilian population. The purpose of this study is to acquaint military forces with the epidemiology of the disease, clinical symptoms, vectors, reservoirs, and prevention and treatment methods that can prevent the disease.

Methods and Materials: 

This review article has been performed through searching in national and international reliable databases using cutaneous leishmaniasis, military forces, prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis, uniforms stained with poison, and skin diseases keywords. Moreover, this research has been done by selecting 76 related articles until April 2024.

The most important axis in the control of cutaneous leishmaniasis is camps and maneuver along with other disease control and prevention programs including vaccine and drug production, improving the environment, fighting the vector, exterminating rats, improving awareness about the disease, particularly the ways of transmission and prevention methods such as the importance of using clothes or uniforms impregnated with insect repellants, repellants ointment, insecticides, mosquito nets impregnated with poison and the methods of using them, especially in endemic areas. Having the necessary and correct information is the first and most basic step to take any appropriate behavior to prevent contracting this disease. Teaching preventive behaviors of biting the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector can not only protect people from contracting this disease, but also protect the military in the battle scene against other diseases that the enemy may use insects as biological weapons and disease transmission.

In order to prevent contracting this disease for the military forces stationed in the barracks of endemic areas or the forces sent to these areas, providing the necessary equipment and health education classes on the topics of enhancing awareness of the methods of disease transmission, the importance of using uniforms impregnated with poisons, using mosquito nets impregnated with poison, using appropriate insect repellants on the skin of the hands, face and uncovered parts of body, particularly during rest and dressing the affected area should be planned and implemented for prevention.

Staphylococcus aureus is the second cause of hospital acquired infections, and responsible for 80% of purulent infections, and majority of skin infections. About 30 to 50 percent of normal people carry staph in their nose or groin and armpits. VanA, VanB, VanC1, VanC2/C3, VanG, VanL, and VanX are genes responsible for encoding resistance to vancomycin, TychoPlanyn and Avoparcyn, among them vanBand vanAare the most common cause of resistance that could be located on a plasmid or a chromosome and can be transferred via conjugation. The aim of this study was to The aim of this study was to investigatethe role of VanA and VanB genes in Cefoxitin resistant Staphylococci aureuscausing skin infections in patients admitted to Razi Hospital in Tehran using real time PCR method.
The samples were collected from Khordad 1394 for one year in the Microbiology Department of the Clinical Laboratory of Razi Hospital. Exudative skin lesions were sampled by sterile swab and cultured on the blood agar and EMB medium. Then catalase, oxidase and coagulase tests were performed on the gram-positive cocci and the sensitivity to vancomycinin Cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was determined using the E-test method. The presence of vanAand vanBgenes were investigated by Real Time PCR.
Out of 978 patients with infected skin lesions, 733 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Of these, 124 were Cefoxitin resistant, among them 8 samples had a high response rate of 3, and 5had high response above 16. But VanA and VanB genes were not responsible for resistance in any of them.
Due to the development of resistant strains of Staphylococcus in skin and hospital infections, identification of its encoding genes are necessary in order to use appropriate antibiotics to reduce the course of treatment and the side effects of taking antibiotics.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide range of infections in hospitals and is known due to its resistance to antibiotics. Novel methods of nanotechnology and the effective combination of different antimicrobial mechanisms can be compelling approaches to treat infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles, allicin and their combination on skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of silver nanoparticles, allicin and their combinations were measured based on the microdilution susceptibility test. Skin infection was induced in 20 Syrian mice with Staphylococcus aureus and the effect of silver nanoparticles, allicin along with the synergistic effect of allicin as well as silver nanoparticle combinations were investigated. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of silver nanoparticle for S. aureus were 6.25 and 12.5 ppm, respectively. MIC and MBC of allicin for S. aureus were 10.68 and 21.37ìg/ml, respectively. MIC and MBC combination of allicin and silver nanoparticles on S. aureus were 1.33 ìg/ml, 3.12 ppm and 2.67 ìg/ml, 6.25 ppm, respectively. Anti microbial effect of allicin, silver nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of their combination against skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus confirmed in mouse model. The results showed that allicin in combination with silver nanoparticles exhibit synergistic effect on skin infections due to Staphylococcus aureus.

Common antibiotics may be useless against multiple pathogens because of the multidrug resistance. Therefore, new ways of nanotechnology and effective herbal combination can be the solution for this problem. The objective of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Allicin, silver nano particles and their combination against skin infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in animal model. In this experimental study, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Allicin, silver nano particles, and their combination were determined by macro dilution susceptibility test. Skin infection was produced in the shoulder region of 12 mice using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of ointment of Allicin, silver nano particles, and their combination were evaluated. The results showed that MIC and MBC of Allicin for pseudomonas aeruginosa were 2.38 and 4.77 mg/ml, respectively. MIC and MBC of silver nano particle for Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 3.12 and 6.25 ppm, respectively. MIC and MBC of combination of Allicin and silver nano particles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.59 mg/ml and 1.5 ppm, 1.19 mg/ml and 3.12 ppm, respectively. Anti-microbial effect of Allicin, silver nano particles and the synergistic activity of their combination against skin infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in animal model. The results showed that Allicin in combination with silver nano particles have synergistic effect against skin infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of skin infections. The resistance of this bacterium to antibiotics is increasing every day. Studies have shown that the ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Quince seeds and silver nanoparticles can prevent the growth of S. aureus. In this study, the effect of ethanolic and aceonic extract of Quince seed's and silver nanoparticles investigated against skin burns infection due S. aureus in animal model. First, the ethanolic and acetonic extract of Quince seeds and silver nanoparticle were prepared. Then, on the shoulders of 36 male mice burn wound was created. Wheal was infected with S. aureus. The mice were divided into 6 groups of 6. And each group were treated with its special ointment (ointment of silver nanoparticles, ethanol yield acetonic extract of Quince, mupirocin, vaselin, and no treatment group, respectively). Every day until eleven day the condition of wound healing rate was measured and compared. The results showed that the group treated with ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Quince seed's had the greatest impact on wound healing. And its effects better than mupirocin and silver nanoparticles reported. The results showed that the Quince seeds extracts can be used in healing skin infections caused by S. aureus.

Nosocomial infections are one of the most important medical problems in developed and under developing countries which cause the spread of infections diseases in society. Pseudomonas aeroginosa is one of the most important causes of hospital infections, especially in wounds from operated patients. Increase in antibiotic-resistance of pseudomonas aeroginosa cause a lot of problems for patients and in some cases lead to septicemia and death of patients. The aim of this study is to isolate and determine the drug resistance pattern of indigenous pseudomonas leading to cutaneous infections of patients in Alzahra hospital. In this study 770 samples were obtained from cutaneous wounds of patients hospitalized in Azahra hospital. Biochemical tests were used for identification of Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Antibacterial susceptibility test for antibiotics amikacin, cephtazidin, ciprofloxacin, tasocin, imipinim was performed using disk diffusion (Kirby- Buer) methods. Among 770 patients, 56 patients (7.3%) showed cutaneous infection caused by pseudomonas aeroginosa. Antibiotic resistance pattern showed that 82. 14% samples were resistant to ceftriaxone and for amikacin 57.14%, ceftazidime 53.57%, ciprofloxacin 42.85%, tazocin 39.28%, imipenem 14.28% respectively. These results indicate the necessity of culturing and antibiogram tests before treatment of bacterial cutaneous infections. Antibiotic resistance- patterns can be very helpful in choosing the appropriate drug. Also in the first phase, it cold be considered for treatment of the disease.

The increasing trend in the occurrence of antibiotic resistance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a hostile bacterium growing on skin wounds especially those as a result of burn and leading to infectious conditions) has been accompanied with numerous complications and can even lead to septicemia and mortality. The spread of skin infections, especially those as a result of resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeromonas is associated with a longer hospitalization time, higher treatment costs, and its greater spread within the office and society. In this study, samples were taken from 271 patients with usual skin infection or infections as a result of burn that were hospitalized in Golestan and Taleghani hospitals of Ahwaz. After cultivation, the isolated colonies were evaluated. Among them, the gram-negative bacilli that were oxidase-positive and unable to ferment carbohydrates were further studied. Finally, the pattern of drug resistance was obtained for Pseudomonas aeromonas through disk diffusion using Kirby-bauer method. Out of 271 studied patients, 95 (35%) had skin infection as a result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (55 cases (77.4%)) were in the Taleghani hospital (burn accident division) and the remainder (40 cases (20%)) were in the different surgical divisions of Golestan hospital. Out of the patients, 55.8% (53) of Pseudomonas-positive cases were female and 44.2% ( 42) were male. The evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern for isolates showed that a resistance of 100% existed for carbenicillin, cephradine, cephalexin, ceftizoxime, and cefazolin and resiatance was greater than 90% for kanamycin. The results showed that although 83% and 1000 of isolates were still sensitive to klistin and polymyxin respecttively, but because of various problems including side-effects and their deficiency in drug-stores, amikacin with a sensitivity of 51 % can still be administered as one of the most efficacious treatments for Pseudomonas infections.