جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Prognosis" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Acute pulmonary embolism can quickly cause hemodynamic collapse and death. Recent studies have shown that different characteristics of electrocardiogram (ECG) can be used to predict the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to investigate the relative frequency of fragmented QRS in the ECG of patients with pulmonary embolism and its prognostic value.

This study was conducted retrospectively. The files of 106 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism from January 2016 to the end of March 2020 were selected and reviewed. The findings of the ECG, including the ST elevation in V1-V4 leads with and without T invention, right axis deviation, right bundle branch block (RBBB), PR, QRS, QTc intervals, type of treatment (thrombolysis or embolectomy), cardiogenic shock, mortality were collected. Finally, the data were recorded and analyzed in SPSS software Version 16.

Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were the most frequent risk factors among the patients. The relative frequency of fragmented QRS, at least in one lead, was 26.2%. The use of thrombolysis, mechanical ventilation, embolectomy, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital death was significantly higher among patients who had fragmented QRS (P<0.001). CTNI was significantly higher in patients with fragmented QRS (P=0.001). In patients with fragmented QRS large vessels, involvement was significantly higher.

This study showed that the presence of fragmented QRS in the ECG of acute embolism patients has a significant relationship with cardiogenic shock, hospital mortality, and the need for advanced treatment methods such as intubation, embolectomy, and the use of thrombolysis.

During the last decade, more attention was paid to the tumor cell microenvironment, especially to tumor stroma-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of different TILs subpopulations and PD-L1 positive tumor cells in localized lung adenocarcinomas. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study, which included localized adenocarcinomas diagnosed in the department of pathology and resected in the Thoracic Surgery Department of the same hospital between 2015 and 2020. TILs were analyzed using the immunohistochemical method for Fox-P3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD3. Besides, the PD-L1 antibody was used to assess tumor cell expression. Intra-tumoral and stromal labeled lymphocytes were quantified by manual counting at high magnification (X400). Fox-P3+/CD8+, Fox-P3+/CD4+, FoxP3+/PD-L1+, and CD8+/CD4+ ratios were subsequently calculated. The prognostic value of TILs was assessed with respect to overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (ReFS). A total of 44 localized adenocarcinomas were included. In the univariate analysis, the prognostic factors influencing OS included gender, adenocarcinoma subtype, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) score, TIL grade, PD-L1 expression, PD-L1 grade, tumor immunity in the microenvironment, and the expressions of various immune markers: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, and FoxP3. The analysis also considered the FoxP3 ratio, FIL score, and different ratios involving immune markers, such as CD8/CD4 ratio, FoxP3/CD8 ratio, FoxP3/CD4 ratio, and FoxP3/PD-L1 ratio. The prognostic factors influencing the ReFS consisted of gender, the adenocarcinoma subtype, TIL score, TIL grade, PD-L1, PD-L1 grade, TIM, CD8 expression, CD20 expression, FIL score, Fox-P3/CD8 ratio, Fox-P3/CD4 ratio, and Fox-P3/PD-L1 ratio. Multivariate analysis revealed no independent predictive factors of OS or ReFS. Despite the limitations of this study, the results highlighted that TILs may not represent an independent prognostic factor in localized adenocarcinomas and don’t play a major role in comparison to the tumor stage.

The present study aimed to assess the survival of patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and identify factors that impact prognosis. It is crucial to identify these factors and provide appropriate treatment for patients with lower survival rates in MPE.

This study analyzed the survival of patients with MPE in oncologic clinics in Yazd from 2011-2021. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that utilized Kaplan-Meier analysis for survival analysis. The survival time was measured from pathological diagnosis to death. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21).

The study involved 135 patients (mean age: 54.24; range: 22-65). Most patients were in their 6th and 7th decades, and only 6.7% of cases were under 40 years old. Regarding gender, 63 cases were male, and 72 subjects were female. The main causes of metastasis in MPE patients were lung cancer, breast cancer, and adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Chemotherapy, followed by combination therapy, was the common treatment approach. Out of 135 patients, 109 cases passed away during the study. The average survival time was 21.67 months, with a 30% chance of 2-year survival and a 10% chance of 5-year survival. The study found no significant relationship between survival rate and gender or cause of the disease (mesothelioma or metastasis); nonetheless, age, treatment type, and malignancy type exhibited a significant relationship.

Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving patient survival, especially in the first two years. It is essential to prioritize screening, diagnosis, and treatment of low survival rate cancers, such as lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, and renal cell carcinoma.

Even though fast advances in the detection and management of bladder carcinoma, the number of deaths remains high. Therefore, the identification of an effective biomarker predicting tumor progression in cancer bladder patients is a crucial issue. This study aims to identify TIPE2 and CD36 expressions in cancer bladder and examine their relationship with clinicopathological data and prognosis.

Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated 60 specimens of bladder urothelial cancer (UC) for the expression of TIPE2 and CD36 and compared them with clinicopathologic parameters and survival data. Furthermore, we investigate the association between TIPE2 and CD36 expression and Vimentin expression to elucidate the influence of TIPE2 and CD36 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in UC.

TIPE2 expression was associated with lower stages and prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Therefore, TIPE2 may be considered a good indicator of UC prognosis. CD36 immuno-positivity was associated with high tumor grade, stages, shorter OS, and DFS. Therefore, the immune positivity of CD36 may be a poor prognostic marker for UC patients. Furthermore, Vimentin expression was directly correlated with CD36 expression and inversely correlated with TIPE2 expression.

TIPE2 and CD36 may be novel biomarkers for predicting tumor metastasis and prognosis in patients with bladder UC and hold promise as therapeutic targets.

Dear Editor, Recently, we had the pleasure of reviewing a paper entitled "p53 IHC Result as a Prognostic Tool in MDS," authored by Rezvani et al. and published in your July 2023 edition. The study investigated p53 protein expression in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) to better prognosticate patient outcomes. While the results provide strong evidence for p53 protein expression as an adjunct to prognosticate survival in MDS, there are certain considerations that merit closer inspection and discussion.Important findings necessitate that fellow researchers replicate studies. However, the lack of certain methodological details in this study makes such efforts challenging. Firstly, the paper states that p53 analysis was “carried out according to the standard protocol.” A declaration such as this warrants, at a minimum, citation(s) referring to a ‘standard protocol.’ The authors discuss how prior studies have applied different percentage cutoffs when analyzing p53 expression in bone marrow. The application of a 1% threshold to differentiate between “positive” and “negative” p53 expressors in this context may appear arbitrary without a thorough explanation of how the authors agreed to this specific cutoff. If the threshold was data-driven by the study findings, this needs to be stated clearly. Critics may otherwise rightfully ask what the IHC analysis shows if a 2%, 5%, or higher cutoff is applied instead. Furthermore, p53 IHC staining inherently involves various degrees of nuclear intensity (i.e., 1+ light, 2+ medium, 3+ maximum), which may have implications independent of percentage expression, as has been shown in other organ systems, including the prostate (1–3). While nuclear intensity does tend to correlate with percentage expression, failure to address the intensity in this context invites valid criticism when calibrating a threshold. For example, it remains unclear whether light (1+) intensity nuclei are incorporated into the final, total percentage, as low-intensity nuclei are arguably not “overexpressed” per se (1, 2). Alternatively, is the cell count limited to only nuclei exhibiting maximum (3+) intensity? Clarifying this distinction is essential for accurate interpretation.In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it has been demonstrated that p53 protein expression serves as an indicator for detecting TP53 mutations. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been validated as a rapid, cost-effective tool for identifying impactful TP53 mutations in AML, with a proposed 7.2% cutoff for p53-high as a key indicator, utilizing digital image analysis. Based on this observation, Tashakori et al. proposed a 10% or higher cutoff to consider p53 IHC staining as positive for reflecting TP53 gene mutations, which is significantly higher than the 1% cutoff used in this paper (4).Additionally, it would have been valuable if the authors had included representative histomorphological images of p53-expressing bone marrow cells in their publication. As the age-old adage states, “a picture is worth a thousand words,” and including images may help clarify this methodological point for readers.While it is true that wild-type p53 expression is short-lived, the sampled cross-sections of tissue reflect a moment in time when the tissue was excised. In other words, the selected area represents a “snapshot” of p53 protein levels that fluctuates over time and explains its inherently patchy expression, even in “normal,” unaltered p53-expressing cells. This observation brings us to another problematic argument presented by the authors during their discussion, best encapsulated by the statement: “The true frequency of TP53 mutations is underestimated, but IHC overexpression of p53 is always a marker for a molecular alteration with a poor prognosis.” While the argument can be made that the true frequency of TP53 mutations is underestimated, declaring that p53 overexpression is always a marker for an underlying molecular alteration is misleading. The paper referenced by the authors (5) to support this claim, in turn, cites a third source that states, “…the IHC detection of p53 protein suggests an underlying mutation in the gene.” These nuances require precise language for a balanced discussion of p53 prognostication in MDS.Another important consideration is that the survival analyses have shown a notable association between p53 expression status and mortality. The data reveal a statistically significant association between p53 expression and the IPSS-R score, indicating that higher IPSS-R scores are often associated with positive p53 IHC results. To conclusively determine the independent prognostic significance of p53, it is imperative to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio while controlling for the IPSS-R value.In conclusion, while the paper addresses an important topic and contributes significantly to the field of MDS pathology, further clarification of the issues raised herein would be highly valuable for its practical implementation. FundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease that typically affects young females.

To describe the clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging characteristics of CVST and evaluate the differences in characteristics of patients with unfavorable versus favorable outcomes.

This retrospective study (2007 - 2018) reviewed all consecutive patients with CVST, assessing their demographic, clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging characteristics, and clinical outcomes. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess the functional outcomes of patients after a three-month follow-up. Factors affecting patients’ outcomes (favorable [mRS ≤ 2] vs. unfavorable [mRS > 2]) were examined using the Independent t -test and chi-squared test.

A total of 141 patients (mean age: 38.15 ± 13.71; female-to-male ratio of 2.28) with CVST were included. Most of the admissions (42.6%) were in the summer. Most patients had a subacute disease onset (66.0%), with headaches being the most frequent manifestation (66.0%). Regular oral contraceptive pill use and fasting were the most frequent clinical risk factors (52.0% and 22.7%, respectively). Different types of inherited thrombophilia (deficiency in protein C, protein S, or antithrombin III) were recorded in nearly 13 to 16% of patients. The lateral transverse sinus (61.7%) and the superior sagittal sinus (45.4%) were the most frequently involved. The mortality rates at discharge and after three months were 4.3% and 8.0%, respectively. In the follow-up assessment, 81.3% of patients showed a favorable outcome [mRS ≤ 2], while 18.7% had an unfavorable outcome. Patients with unfavorable outcomes were significantly older compared to those with favorable outcomes (52 ± 5.81 vs. 35.95 ± 1.42, P = 0.017). Significant associations were observed between admission season (P = 0.020), chief complaint (P = 0.028), course of the disease (P = 0.021), previous thromboembolic events (P = 0.001), and antiphospholipid IgG (P = 0.032).

The most prevalent risk factors among patients with CVST were being female, a history of using oral contraceptives, and fasting. Older patients with reduced consciousness, an acute disease course, a history of thromboembolic events, and positive antiphospholipid IgG are more likely to have an unfavorable outcome.

In patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), the risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the severity of the consequences are almost unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the influencing factors in the relationship between LT and the consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

In this cross-sectional study, all individuals with a history of LT who contracted COVID-19 through the Liver Transplantation Clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran, were recruited during the 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic from March 2020 to March 2022. The required data were extracted from patients’ medical records and hospital databases. The analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software version 22.

162 patients were studied. The mortality prevalence was 24.1%. A significant relationship was found between COVID-19 severity and the number of LTs, presence of pulmonary involvement, need for remdesivir and steroid treatment, and death. Also, a significant relationship was found between death and age at the time of LT, lung involvement, early infection (within one month after LT) with COVID-19, and the need for hospitalization due to COVID-19. A significant relationship was found between liver enzyme disorders (elevated alanine and aspartate transferase levels [>40 U/L] and bilirubin levels [>1.5 mg/dL]) and early infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 involvement, pulmonary involvement, need for remdesivir and steroid treatment, and death due to COVID-19.

Advanced age, pulmonary involvement, dependence on corticosteroid and remdesivir treatment, the number of LTs, and elevated liver enzyme levels were significant risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 and mortality.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is known to play a significant role in predicting poor prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Nonetheless, its potential for predicting long-term adverse outcomes following revascularization procedures remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate this relationship.

This prospective cohort study included 258 consecutive patients undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). All patients required ICU referral before hospital discharge. A 3-week cardiac rehabilitation program with 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring was planned for all patients. HRV was analyzed by computer and manually over-read. During a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 3 years, patients were contacted via phone to assess long-term outcomes, including death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), such as myocardial infarction, reoperation, or brain stroke.

Out of 258 patients (177 males and 81 females) with an average age of 58.80±9.60 years, 4.3% of patients died due to cardiovascular events, and 15.1% experienced long-term MACE. A comparison of HRV indicators between the non-surviving and surviving subgroups revealed significantly lower mean RR, mean standard deviation of normal-to-normal HRV interval (SDNN), and low and high-frequency values in the former group. However, when comparing HRV indicators between the subgroups with and without long-term MACE, no significant differences were observed. Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that decreased HRV (SDNN) effectively predicted long-term mortality in patients who underwent CABG.

Lower postoperative HRV serves as a valuable predictor of long-term mortality after CABG in ICU patients, with reduced SDNN values particularly relevant for anticipating long-term adverse events.

Few trials have been conducted regarding using PET/CT metabolic parameters as a predictor for the long-term survival of patients with lymphoma. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of quantitative metabolic parameters based on FDG-PET/CT in predicting 2-year mortality and disease recurrence in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

This cross-sectional study was performed on patients who suffered DLBCL and assessed by FDG-PET/CT. All patients have been scheduled for first-line therapy, including the R-CHOP regimen (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin, and Prednisone). The records of patients eligible for the study were extracted from the hospital archive. All subjects were followed up for 2 years to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Complete response to treatment was revealed in 80.0%, while the disease was progressive in 5.7% and stable in 2.9%. At the end of 2 years of follow-up, in all groups, five people (14.2%) experienced disease relapse, and one person (2.9%) died. Comparing metabolic parameters of PET/CT between survived and non-survived groups showed no difference between the two groups. Similarly, the median value of pointed metabolic parameters was insignificant between groups with and without disease relapse. The comparison of the treatment metabolic response state between non-survived and survived subgroups showed no difference. However, regarding the metabolic response status according to the presence or lack of recurrence, those with disease recurrence experienced a higher rate of progressive metabolic disease condition. Treatment metabolic non-response status and higher Deauville 5-point score (D5PS) score could effectively differentiate the groups with and without disease recurrence.

FDG-PET/CT complete metabolic response can predict longer PFS in patients with DLBCL, but its related metabolic parameters may not predict disease outcome.

Introduction. Autophagy related genes (ARGs) may play important roles in various biological processes involving kidney transplantation (KT); however, their expression characteristics are rarely used to study the relationship between autophagy and prognosis in KT patients. This study aims to construct a new autophagy related gene feature based on high-throughput sequencing datasets. Methods. Differentially expressed ARGs (DEARGs) were identified in KT patients based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Gene Ontology (GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore potential biological and pathological functions of DEARGs. Univariate and Lasso Cox regression analyses identified survival-related DEARGs and established a prognostic gene signature whose performance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Moreover, the prognostic value of the gene signature was further validated in 48 KT patients from the GSE21374 dataset.  Results. A total of 28 common DEARGs were identified between rejection and non-rejection samples in 3 datasets, including GSE21374, GSE36059, and GSE48581. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that DEARGs were mainly involved in regulating apoptotic processes. In addition, we identified and validated 7 DEARGs (CASP1, CASP3, FKBP1A, RAB11A, NFKB1, RGS19, and CCL2) as the prognostic signatures. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk patients was significantly lower than that of the low-risk patients. Conclusion. The effectiveness of autophagy related features was validated by using 48 KT patients in the GSE21374 dataset, and establishing and confirming a new ARG signal with independent survival prognostic value for KT patients.

 Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the leading causes of death and severe disability. Considering the impact of inflammation and lipid profile on prevalence and prognosis of deep vein thrombosis and PTE, this study was conducted to assess the predictive value of lipid-to-neutrophil count ratios for the short-term survival of PTE patients.

 This study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Data regarding the demographics, past medical history, vital signs, laboratory variables, and the outcomes of hospitalization were gathered from the Tabriz PTE registry. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were utilized for assessing the prognostic values. SPSS 26 was used for all of the statistical analysis.

 The population of this analytical cross-sectional study consists of 547 PTE patients of which 41 patients (7.5%) died during hospitalization. There was a significant difference between death and survived groups regarding cholesterol (146.00[60.50] vs. 165.50[59.75]; p-value<0.01), LDL (80.00[48.00] vs. 102.00[52.00]; p-value<0.01), HDL (31.00[19.00] vs. 35.00[14.00]; p-value=0.04). Cholesterol/neutrophil*1000 with a cut-off value of 22.014 (sensitivity: 56.7%; specificity: 61.3%), LDL/neutrophil*1000 with a cut-off value of 10.909 (sensitivity: 69.3%; specificity: 51.9%) and HDL/neutrophile *1000 with a cut-off value of 4.150 (sensitivity: 61.9%; specificity: 58.1%) can predict short-term survival in patients with acute PTE.

 Based on our findings, patients with higher cholesterol/neutrophil, LDL/neutrophil, and HDL/neutrophil ratios have a better in-hospital prognosis and measurement of lipid-to-neutrophil ratio in the first 24 hours of hospitalization may be a valuable marker for determining the early prognosis of PTE. However, additional clinical studies are suggested for a more definitive conclusion.

 Aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) ratio for the prediction of in-hospital and short-term mortality in a contemporary cohort of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care cardiac center.

 This study included a consecutive series of patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent primary PCI. The SBP/LVEDP ratio and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) score were calculated, and their ability to predict in-hospital and short-term mortality was evaluated by analyzing the area under the curve (AUC) on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.

 This study involved 977 patients, with 780 (79.8%) being male and a mean age of 55.6±11.5 years. Among them, 191 (19.5%) had an SBP/LVEDP≤5.4. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.3% (42), and the short-term all-cause mortality rate after a mean follow-up of 5.9±2.4 months was 15% (140). Patients with SBP/LVEDP≤5.4 had higher in-hospital mortality rates (14.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) and short-term mortality rates (35.1% vs. 9.8%; P<0.001) compared to those with SBP/LVEDP>5.4. The AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.766 [0.681-0.851] and 0.787 [0.713-0.861], respectively. For short-term mortality, the AUCs of SBP/LVEDP and TIMI were 0.731 [0.682-0.780] and 0.736 [0.690-0.782], respectively.

 In conclusion, SBP/LVEDP showed sufficiently high predictive power comparable to the TIMI risk score. SBP/LVEDP is a readily available ratio that can rapidly provide valuable prognostic information during primary PCI.

Accurate and timely assessment of tumor response after chemotherapy is crucial in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) for early assessment of chemotherapy responses in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).

From October 2012 to October 2018, 46 patients (28 malesand 18 females) with CRCLM received GSI followed by chemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into a response group (n = 32) and a nonresponse group (n = 14) according to the tumor response to chemotherapy. The iodine concentration images and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) with an optimal contrast?to?noise ratio at the arterial phase (AP) and portal venous phase (PVP) were obtained by GSI viewer. The iodine concentration value and computed tomography (CT) value on VMIs and slope of spectral attenuation curves of all lesions were compared. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictor of chemotherapy response.

The difference of extrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.001), CT value on 68 keV VMIs at the AP (P = 0.005) and PVP (P = 0.001), slope of CT value attenuation curves at the AP (P = 0.013) and PVP (P = 0.001), and iodine concentration value at PVP (P = 0.003) between the response and nonresponse groups were statistically significant. The CT value of the 68 keV VMIs (OR: 1.206; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.021–1.425, P = 0.027) and the iodine concentration value at PVP (OR: 1.952; 95% CI: 1.034–3.684, P = 0.039) were independent prognostic factors for predicting chemotherapy response.

Baseline GSI may help predict the response to chemotherapy and provide a good tumor?response indicator through single?energy CT value of 68 keV at the PVP and iodine concentration.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 15%-20% of childhood leukemia. A variety of cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported in AML, but it is still debated how these alterations affect patient survival and outcome. We aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic abnormalities of pediatric AML in association with prognosis. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 46 cases of pediatric AML, diagnosed using French-American-British (FAB) criteria, admitted to a referral center during 2018-2023, who had not yet received chemotherapy, were included. Patients were evaluated for cytogenetic alterations by bone marrow karyotyping and polymerase chain reaction molecular methods. Patients were followed up to evaluate overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and chi-square, Mann-Whitney, t-test and Kaplan-Meier tests. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Totally, 19 of 46 (41.3%) patients showed cytogenetic abnormalities. The prevalence of numerical and structural abnormalities was 23.9% and 28.3%, respectively. The most common numerical changes included monosomy 7, loss of chromosome Y, and trisomy 21, as order. The most common structural variants included t(v;11), t(15;17), t(8;21) and del(7q). Those with t(8;21) and t(15;17) or absence of cytogenetic abnormalities had a lower recurrence and death rate as compared with those with unfavorable cytogenetic abnormalities (P = 0.007 and P = 0.002 respectively). White blood cell count was significantly lower in patients with numerical cytogenetic abnormalities than those without. Cytogenetic abnormalities were rather common in pediatric AML. Monosomy 7/del(7q) and chromosome 11 alteration were the most common cytogenetic abnormalities. Presence of abnormalities, other than those known as favorable, were associated with worse survival.

Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are rare tumors with a late recurrence and a good prognosis. The current study investigated the fertility and obstetrics situation, survival, and the factors influencing the mortality of patients with these uncommon ovarian neoplasms.

This is a retrospective study on ovarian GCT patients admitted to the Al-Zahra hospital oncology department, the tertiary referral hospital in Tabriz, between 2009 and 2022. Data were collected from medical records. Chi-square/Fisher exact tests and t tests were used to compare categorical and quantitative variables between the alive and dead patients, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to present patients’ survival.

The study involved 65 patients with ovarian GCT. The presence of ovarian cysts statistically increased the survival of GCT patients (P=0.028). The advanced tumor stage (P=0.023), fast tumor growth (P=0.001), and tumor relapse (P=0.001) are significantly correlated with mortality in the affected patients. However, age and adjuvant chemotherapy were not associated with survival.

There was no evidence of increased survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor staging is an important prognostic factor. Advanced stages were associated with inferior survival, and only prospective studies can ascertain their definite role.

Previous studies have identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) as a target gene associated with the prognosis of various malignant cancers. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanisms of this prognostic signature in patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). A total of 217 patients with LGGs were retrospectively obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas as the training group, whereas an additional 190 cases (GSE107850) were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus as validation data. The Kaplan–Meier method evaluated the overall survival (OS) between the high IGFBP2 and low IGFBP2 expression groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors associated with survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to investigate signaling pathways influencing glioma cell proliferation at the transcriptional level of IGFBP2. Statistical analyses and data visualization were performed using R language (version 3.6.3) and Perl software (version 5.38.1), with significance set at P < 0.05. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis suggested that the group with decreased IGFBP2 expression may have improved OS as compared with the group with high IGFBP2 expression. Increased IGFBP2 expression in gliomas significantly correlated with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation-wild type. GSEA results revealed that five differential pathways involved in collagen binding, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, collagen metabolic process, collagen trimer, and extracellular structure organization were significantly enriched in patients with glioma with high IGFBP2 expression. Our study is the first to show that overexpression IGFBP2 could be an independent glioma biomarker. For patients with LGG overexpressing IGFBP2, radiotherapy may be a preferable choice over chemotherapy.

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases 1 (LPCAT1) overexpression and prognostic significance have been shown in various human solid cancers. However, the role of LPCAT1 in hematological malignancies has yet to be extensively explored. The present study primarily aimed to explore the LPCAT1 expression and prognostic significance in patients diagnosed with acute leukemia.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 acute leukemia patients (70 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 70 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients) and 70 healthy controls. LPCAT1 expression levels and survival rate were evaluated. Patients' clinical data were extracted from their archived medical records, and the association between LPCAT1 expression and clinical data was determined. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 21 and GraphPad Prism version 9.5.0.

The findings of this study indicated that LPCAT1 expression levels were significantly higher in AML and ALL cases as compared with the healthy controls (P = 0.038 and 0.032, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that LPCAT1 overexpression was correlated with shorter overall survival in both AML and ALL patients (P = 0.013 and 0.019, respectively). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LPCAT1 overexpression was an unfavorable prognostic factor associated with shorter overall survival in patients with AML (P = 0.02) and ALL (P = 0.04). There was no significant difference regarding clinical parameters between LPCAT1high and LPCAT1low patients (P > 0.05).

LPCAT1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in newly diagnosed patients with AML and ALL. As a result, further attention should be paid when considering treatment options for these patients.

Gastric Adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Determining survival and its associated prognostic factors provides a basis for further interventions to prolong survival among patients with GAC. In this study, we aimed to perform a 5-year survival analysis among GAC patients in Kerman, Iran.

This retrospective multi-centric study was conducted on all patients with GAC who were referred to Afzalipour, Bahonar, and Shafa Hospitals in Kerman, Iran in 2009-2019. The 5-year survival rates were calculated based on prognostic factors, including age, histopathology, stage/grade of the tumor, metastatic status, and surgical procedures using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test.

The 5-year survival rate of GAC patients with total gastrectomy was higher than those with subtotal gastrectomy (P = 0.03). Also, the 5-year survival rate was substantially improved after lymph node dissection (P < 0.001). Overall survival has not been significantly different in terms of age, sex, grade, histological type, clinical T stage, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion.

Overall survival was different for the two surgical procedures and lymph node dissection. Therefore, total gastrectomy and lymph node dissection are significant independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with GAC.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can play a significant role in the future of thyroidology. Thyroid nodules are common conditions that may benefit from AI through more accurate and efficient diagnosis, risk stratification, and medical or surgical management.

This paper aims to review the latest developments in AI applications for diagnosing and managing thyroid nodules and cancers.

English full-text articles published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 2014 to March 2024 were collected and reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. A total of 45 studies were selected based on relevance, robust methodology, statistical significance, and broader topic coverage.

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a powerful tool for managing thyroid nodules. First, several studies have demonstrated how AI-powered ultrasound interpretation enhances the diagnosis and classification of nodules while reducing the need for invasive fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Second, AI significantly improves the cytopathological differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules by minimizing reliance on pathologists' expertise and implementing standardized diagnostic criteria. When cytopathology is inconclusive, AI also aids in identifying molecular markers from omics data, distinguishing between normal and cancerous cells. Moreover, AI tools have been developed for prognosis assessment, predicting distant metastasis, recurrence, and surveillance by integrating medical imaging features with molecular and clinical factors. Additionally, some AI tools are designed for intraoperative evaluation, improving surgical techniques and reducing complications during thyroidectomy. In non-surgical treatments, several models have been developed to optimize therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine (RAI) and predict the outcomes of new drug formulations.

Artificial intelligence has the potential to assist physicians in accurate thyroid nodule diagnosis, classification, decision-making, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving patient outcomes. However, there are still limitations to this technology. Artificial intelligence-driven tools require further advancements before they can be fully integrated into clinical practice and replace specialists.