Correlation of HbA1c and Outcome of Pregnancy in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Women

Diabetes is one of most important medical diseases in pregnancy and value of Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) showed mean of blood glucose in 4-8 weeks ago in these patients. In different studies significant relation were seen between HbA1c and incidence of complications in pregnancy. Aim of this study is to investigate correlation of maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes with mean of HbA1c in insulin dependent diabetic women. This prospective study was performed on 31 insulin dependent diabetic women who cared in Khorasan diabetic research center in year 2004. First demographic characteristic and obstetrical history of participations recorded. Value of HbA1C was measured in three trimesters of pregnancy and subjects divided into four groups based on mean of HbA1C. Fetal and neonatal complications include abortion, congenital malformations, macrosomia, fetal death, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress and so maternal complication include pre eclamsia, polyhydroamnios, preterm labor, retinopathy and type of delivery were studied. Relation between mean of HbA1c and maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes statistical analyzed by using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test. P value less than 0.05 considered significant. Mean of maternal age was 24.5 years that 41.9% women were primigravid. About half of participations (41.9%) had HbA1C equal or higher than 10% and only in 12.9%, HbA1C was in normal range (4.6%-7.6%). There were not significant relation between mean value of HbA1C and maternal and fetal complications including abortion, fetal death, macrosomia, congenital malformation, respiratory distress and so preeclampsia, polyhydroamnios and retinopathy but most of these complications were accompanied with HbA1C higher than 10%. Only respiratory distress syndrome was accompanied with normal value of HbA1C. Relation between preterm labor and HbA1C was significant. (p=0.034). No hypocalcemia was seen in any of neonates who were born of these women. Incidence of fetal, neonatal and maternal complications except hypocalcemia and respiratory distress was related to level of HbA1C more than normal. But relation between preterm labor and level of HbA1C was significant.