The Effects of Morning and Afternoon Personality of the Staff on Organizational Psychological Capital Based on Fered Luthans's Model

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of morning and afternoon personality styles of the staff on an organization's psychological capital (optimism, resiliency, hope, and self-efficacy) based on Fred Luthans's model. We also assessed whether the relationship between personality type and psychological capital could affect the individual and organizational performance. In a descriptive correlational study in 2010, from 1615 employees of public and private hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, 250 individulas were selected using cluster random sampling proportional to population size. Data was collected using Munich chronotype questionnaire, psychological capital questionnaire (with a reliability of 93%), and the morning and evening personality questionnaire (with a reliability of 81%). The validity of the tools was confirmed to be high by experts. SPSS was used to perform descriptive and inferential statistical methods [Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance (Manova)]. The results suggested significant relations between scores of morning personality and hope, efficacy, and optimism. On the other hand, evening personality type was significantly correlated with efficacy, optimism, and resiliency. However, evening and morning personality scores were not related with hope and resiliency, respectively. The two groups were also significantly different in terms of marital status. In fact, more individuals in with afternoon personality were married which implies the higher resiliency among this group. The results obtained in this study showed a significant positive relationship between psychological capital and personality styles. Overall, employees with evening personality styles constitute higher psychological capital.