The Russian Empire's Expansionism in Persian Gulf and the Ottoman Empire's Stance in This Respect

Starting from the second half of the 19th century (13th AH), especially during the last quarter of that century, the Russian Empire – through partial control over Iranian Shah and court – paved their way to Persian Gulf, striving to materialize their long-lasting dream of gaining mastery over Persian Gulf; and, provisionally, they gained considerable success in this respect. These Russian measures were taking place at a period when the Ottoman Empire – as a compensation for their failure in Europe – was earnestly looking for ways of revitalizing their glorious past dominance over Persian Gulf region, so as not to be left out of the internatiKey Words: Russia, Ottoman, Persian Gulf, Basra, Bushehronal circles of power. Therefore, the expansionist attitudes of the Russian and Ottoman Empires culminated in their confrontation on the shores and inland areas of Persian Gulf. After a long series of ups and downs, Russians failed in realizing their dreams, mainly owing to: British policy in supporting the Ottoman Empire; Ottomans’ improving their strongholds at Basra; German-Ottoman coalition; and, ultimately, conclusion of 1907- (1325 AH) treaty.