Evaluation of Tooth Staining Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in Combination with Chlorhexidine: in Vivo and in Vitro Study

Background and Chlorhexidine (CHX) is still considered the gold standard anti-plaque agent. The main disadvantage of chlorhexidine is its taste، and staining. Improvements of these disadvantages are time consume. This study was to determine if polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) could be added to chlorhexidine rinses to maintain efficacy and reduce staining. This study divided to in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo was randomized، double blind study، and 40 patients with moderate to severe inflammation enrolled to study. The patients undergone dental polishing before the study. In case study and control used e Chlorhexidine + polyvinylpyrrolidone Chlorhexidine mouth wash for 2 weeks respectively. Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI)، bleeding index (BI)، and stain index were assessed before and after the intervention. The glass block and spectrophotometry was used to examine the staining intensity of each mouthwash in In vitro study. The data in SPSS and statistical methods were analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. PI، GI، BI، stain index difference between base line of Chlorhexidine + polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Chlorhexidine mouthwash group was not significant، But the amount of interference between the two groups was significant difference (P=0. 006، 0. 007، 0. 042 respectively). Final severity of body and gingiva between base line of Chlorhexidine + polyvinylpyrrolidone and Chlorhexidine mouthwash group was significant (P<0. 05). Final extent of body and gingiva between base line of two groups was significant (P<0. 05). 0. 2% concentration of Chlorhexidine and 5% PVP concentration in clinical practice to decrease side effect of Chlorhexidine but maintain Chlorhexidine effect