Acute chronic urticarial: review of etiology, pathogenesis, manifestation and treatment

Urticaria is a common skin disorder; the estimate prevalence is 0.3 to 11.3 percent and it affects up to 20% of the general population during their lifetime. Acute urticaria less than 6 weeks is more common. Chronic urticaria with or without angioedema, which is defined as wheals with at least 2 times in a week appearance for more than 6 weeks with prevalence of 0.1 perecent The size of lesion is from milimeters to centimeters. Angioedma is associated in 30 to 50 percent of urticaria. Duration of urticarial is variable from some weeks to some years. Any age can be involved but it is common in middle middle aged females. There is not any known etiology in most patients. At present, autoimmune factors cause 40-50 perecent of it.It does not cause mortality except in anaphylaxis. It is a benign disease but it causes significant impairment in patients’quality of life (personal activities, social and spiritual). Exact pathophysiology and etiology in most of chronic urticarial is not known; howevert, different factors such as IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses against Fc R1 and IgE are involved.