Rooh-ol-Ghodos; the most critical newspaper in the era of Iranian Constitutional Revolution

One of the most influential newspapers during the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, Rouh-ol-Ghodos (=The Holy Spirit) was published in Tehran by Sheikh Ahmad Torbati, known as Soltan-ol-olamaay Khorasani, from 1907 until the Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar coup in June 23, 1908. Analysis of the rich content of this short-lived newspaper indicates its anti-despotic policy and commitment to defending national interests and rights of the nation. The newspaper fearlessly attacked the cruelty of despotic governors, even the Shah himself.