Survey on the Public Religion's Elements in the Movement of Black Garments

Based on the pattern of public religions sociology, which its stems are in Max Weber’s studies in public religions, it could be found the elements such as eclectic ideas, the priority of the faith that has been applied in the context of the life than the faith that has been recommended, mythicism and the believing in earthy saviour between beliefs of the masses.Through an historical - sociological analysis it could be shown that the appearance of these religious elements in the religious ideas of the masses, as the main part of the movement of Black Garments, more than being an outcome of the type of the religion of the lower strata of the Iranian society of that time, it has been stemmed in the political - sociological situation of that era, which made a transient period by the beginning of Arab invasion and the collide of two cultures, to races and two religions, that it caused a widespread social change. If we split the Shuubiyyah movement into two general form, radical (military) and moderate (political - cultural), then the struggles of the society’s lower strata in that period could be categorized in the radical branch of Shuubiyyah. It should be noted that from the authors view, those peoples’ activities were not emerged from their sympathy to Sassanid and their tendency to protect Iranian identity, but it was a negative campaign against the fake carriers of the Islamic faith.In fact, the ensigns of those social - economic struggles were searching the Mazdak teachings inside Islamic faith and in a new interpretation it could be assumed that the teachings of Islam, itself was the greatest cause of those movements.