Study of nano-titanium dioxide effects on the fore limb bud development of NMRI strain mouse embryo in vitro

Aim and To investigate the effects of nano-titanium dioxide on developmental stages of fore limb bud, in vitro method was applied. In this method, the fore limb bud were amputated from mouse embryos on day 11.5 of gestation and incubated by the grid technique in DMEM medium in the phase between the liquid (medium) and air at the temperature of 37±0.1 centigrade degree for one day. Three test groups of limb buds including control, sham and experimental groups were investigated. The sham group was incubated without nano titanium dioxide and the experimental limb buds were affected by nano titanium dioxide (10 nm particle diameter) in vitro. The microscopic examinations showed that in the experimental group finger rays were forming. These observations showed the significant changes in the experimental fore limb bud as compared with the sham and control groups. There was a significant increase (P<0.001, P<0.05) in the number of chondrocytes and dead cells in palm, wrist and fingers and significant decrease (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001) in arm length, total length of limb bud and in the number of mesenchymal cells of arm region. These findings showed the effect of nano-titanium dioxide on the development of limb bud in the condition of in vitro.