Determination of physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of four varieties olive produced in Iran

For mechanized harvesting of crops، sufficient information from the physical، mechanical and aerodynamic properties is required. The aim of this research study is determine some physical، mechanical and aerodynamic properties of the four varieties of olive in Iran named Oily، Yellow، Shenge and Mary. The measured physical properties including dimensions، weight، volume، mean diameters، sphericity factor، porosity and surface area. To determine the mechanical properties of olives، materials testing machine was utilized. The upload speed at pressure test was 8 mm/min. Failures force and energy variables، stresses and toughness variables were obtained from this test. Average failure force in four varieties of olives (Oily، Yellow، Shengeh and Mary) was calculated، 108. 01، 121. 53، 123. 1 and 90. 08 N respectively. Average fracture energy at varieties was calculated 0. 246، 0. 256، 0. 304 and 0. 204 J respectively. Average stresses and toughness variables were obtained 0. 151، 1. 578، 1. 012، 0. 862 MPa and 0. 81، 0. 072، 0. 099، 0. 049 MJ/m3 respectively for Oily، Yellow، Shengeh and Mary varieties. The results of mechanical properties showed that the variety of olive has significant effect (level was 0. 1) over fracture energy، force and it has not effect on stress. Olive aerodynamic properties were measured using wind tunnels، including the speed and the drag coefficient. The speed limit in four varieties of olives was 22. 34، 25. 07، 24. 03 and 25. 6 m/sec respectively. Drag coefficient in the four varieties were calculated 0. 61، 0. 84، 0. 65 and 0. 7 respectively. The information obtained from this study was used to design and fabricate of olive harvesting machine.