Historic Gardens of Birjand in Qajar and Pahlavi era

Iranian gardens, as one manifestation of the art, talent and knowledge of the people, have always been at the core of attention. In the broad land of Iran, there are valuable gardens that have extended the development of Iranian garden-making to other Islamic lands. One sample of Iranian gardens representing the garden-making art can be seen in the historical city of Birjand. The emergence and development of these gardens go back to Safavid period. When Alam family took power, the power transferred gradually from Ghohistan to Birjand. Studying the political history of Qajar and local governors show that historical gardens in Birjand were constructed in Shokat-al Molk II coinciding with Mozaffar Al-din Shah Reign. This thesis tried to study the evolutional formation of Persian and Birjand Historical gardens. Also, it was tried to analyze the architecture of the Gardens. This research carried out on the base of Fundamental studies and according to Historical Approach. Also, methods of gathering data have been documentary and field methods. Studying the structure of gardens in Birjand show that in this region, gardens have some unique characteristics. These characteristics are as follows: Absence of water in main axis; presenting of Pine and Cypress trees in two sides with Functional and main axis; forming of main Palace toward East-West along to Northern and southern edges (such as Rahim Abad &Akbariyeh, Shoukat Abad and Behelghard); connecting to rural contexts; unique brick work techniques and arcograph. Finally, this research tried to compare these gardens with others gardens to explain the Islamic architecture in Birjand City.