Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cvs Yaghouti, Bidane Sefid, Shahroodi and Flame Seedless using ovary explant

To produce embryonic callus in four grapevine cultivars i. e. Yaghouti، Bidane Sefid، Shahroodi and Flame Seedless، ovary explants were collected at flower developmental stages III and V and cultured in MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2،4-D and BAP. For differentiation of somatic embryos، MS medium was supplemented with various concentrations of IAA and BAP. Results showed that collecting ovaries explants at stage V produced the highest percentage of somatic embryos in all studied cultivars. For embryogenic callus production، MS medium supplemented with 4. 5µm 2،4-D and 1. 1µm BAP was best treatment. However، for embryo differentiation، MS medium supplemented with 2mg/l IAA and 1mg/l BAP was better than the other treatments. The highest percentage of callus which produced somatic embryos obtained in ‛Yaghouti’ and ‛Bidaneh Sefid’ at second sampling time (V)، …