Firīdūn the Farmer, Kāvih the Ironsmith, and Ẕahāk the Dīv

Among those who have researched on Shahname, Ali Hasouri and after him Ahmad Shamlou, believe that Dahāg, in order to construct a communist classless society, kills Jam who, according to Avesta, has taken the properties of Dēws(devils, which Hasouri believes they stand for common people) and has built a hierarchal society, but, Frēdōn, helped by Kaveh, by killing Dahāg has revitalized the old system. The writer of this article believes that according to Gāhān, Dēw is a creature which does not work in farming and agriculture; therefore, Jam has taken the properties of the people who, like Dahāg who kills his farmer father, Ᾱbtin the farmer, and Barmaye the cow, and fruitful animals, were against agriculture and farming rather than common people. Also, in no condition, he has made a classless society. On the contrary, he remakes two powerful classes of the time, clergymen and military men, for his own benefit. It means that before Jam’s fall, Artēštārān (military class) goes to Dahāg and the clergymen come to his court after his nightmare and are welcomed too. Only two classes of farmers and industrialists, because of Dahāg’s anti-producing policies, have been destroyed. These two classes are represented in the features of Frēdōn and Kaveh. Although he is a king in Shahname, Frēdōn, according to Dinkard, has the origin of agriculture and his father, Ᾱbtin, in Avesta, is water-sharer. This is a reason to show his agricultural family and also he is considered as the purveyor of agriculture in semi-historical texts.