The Estimation of the Surface Temperature of Basalts in Gandom Beryan- Kerman: as one of the Earth Thermal Poles by Using Thermal Infrared Images of ETM+ Sensor

Gandom Beryan or Burned Sand region is located in the Lut Desert, NW of Kerman. This region has always been under consideration due to its high temperature. In this study, by utilizing thermal Remote Sensing studies, ENVI software, and thermal images ETM + (imaging time 10 am on Wednesday 7 October 2011) the surface temperature of Gandom Beryan was measured. Non-uniform distribution of basaltic rocks, erosion, and fracturing of rocks in Gandom Beryan has caused the calculated surface temperature in the southern part of the Gandom Beryan, which has been covered with dark basaltic rocks, shows reflections intensity more than the northern part of the study area. On the other hand, the photolineament index factor shows that the zones with greater fracture intensity than the other side have less temperature. The existence of mountains in all directions of the Lut desert)north, south, east, and west) have limited the penetration of sea moisture especially from the Indian Ocean, and this problem causes the increasing of drought, sunshine, and decreasing of cloud in this region. In general, desert location, including latitude and low altitude are factors that cause the high temperature of Basaltic messa besides the special surface absorption of basalt. Respect to daily and monthly corrections, the final temperature is calculated as the estimated maximum temperature, which is at least 76° C for Basaltic messa in Gandom Beryan and based on the surveys, this region can be considered as one of the Earth thermal poles.