Vossafa Movment

The Extremist Shi’ite movement in Iraq in the era of the Caliph Hisham bin Abdul Malik is regarded as one of the extremist Shi’ite political and intellectual movements that had a profound effects on both political history and religious ideas. The movement was initiated under the leadership of seven extremist Shi’ite Kufi spiritual guides 119 (AD. C). This movement which has been called “Vossaffa” in some of the original sources is one of the most independent and historical movments by the extremist Shi’ites at the early part of the second century, which occured almost at the same time, as the final movements of the Umayyad caliphate. It must be noted that the extremist Shi’ite movement happened before this movements in the city of Kufa. But since such a movement was considered heretical and extreme and it happened in the tumultuous atmosphere of the subsequent events that led to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty, it did not receive sufficient attention. Most importantly، the movement occurred in the context of esoteric, mystical and extremist thoughts which is seldom recorded in the intellectual and historical data. The present study seeks to examine how and why the movement happened and also it attempts to investigate its intellectual background, political context and the causes of its emergence. the study Also shows the impact of the movement on the growth, the spread and the expression of extremist ideas of among Shiite sects.