Critical Discourse Analysis of Sufism in Sa di's Gulistan

In this research we try to study and analyze the mystical capacities of Sa’di’s Gulistan of 7th Century AH and search the hidden aspects and lower layers of the text, applying some tools of critical discourse analysis approach. Thus sociological and historical approaches are applied in order to come to a scientific interpretation of the text. Linguistic, social and historical aspects are of so much importance to us when we refer to Sadi's time and society, to reveal hidden ideologies of the text. To this end, Michael Halliday’s theories are used for analyzing the text and Norman Fairclough’s for explaining the social aspects in Gulistan. Among suggested tools, ideational meta-function is applied concentrating on naming and processes. Also according to Fairclough, the text is studied in three levels of description, interpretation and explanation and so the joint between the text and society will be represented. Results show one main discourse named spiritual discourse. Expressing the role and function of participants in the above-mentioned discourse we finally found out that except God as the one participant in spiritual discourse, one can consider a special position for preceptor (Pyr) and mystic (Sahib-del) and recognize them as the most positive poles of Sufis discourse of Gulistan. Darvish is an individual with all kinds of abilities, not necessarily negative or positive.