The effect of errorless and error full practice on learning and transfer of dart throwing skill in adolescents with intellectual disabilities

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of errorless and error full practice programs on dart throwing skill in girl adolescents with intellectual disabilities. 24 subjects with a convenience sampling selected and randomly divided into two groups based on the pre-test. One week prior to the acquisition phase of the experiment، average of ten pretest trials at a distance of 3. 5 m was taken. Four different intervals during the acquisition phase was practiced that errorless group performed from the least to the greatest distance and error full group in reverse order. The retention and Dual transfer tests were completed 48 h after the acquisition. Performance was scored by absolute error and variable error. Data was analyzed with ANOVA with repeated measures and independent t-test. According to the error variable، significant differences were found between the two groups in the acquisition (P=0. 001) and retention stage (P=0. 002). In dual transfer test، both the absolute error (P=0. 025) and the variable error (P=0. 001) in errorless group were lower than error full group significantly. Overall، based on the results، especially the dual transfer test as a measure of more valid، practice programs in which errors are restricted are useful and this approach to improve the accuracy، stability and consistency of performance in individuals with intellectual disabilities is suggested.