The effectiveness of spatial organization and phonemic awareness on reading and writing of students with learning disorders

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of spatial-temporal organization and phonemic awareness on reading and writing of first grade students with learning disorders. The research population included all students with learning disorders in academic period of 2012-2013 in Karaj. The design of the present study, regarding its purpose, was expo facto and, regarding its method, was quasi-experimental including two-groups with a pretest and a posttest. Using random sampling, 30 girl and boy students from first grade were chosen and divided into an experimental and a control (15 students in each) groups. Shirazi and Nilli' (2013) test for diagnosing dyslexia was used. To analyze the data, MANCOVA and test of analysis variance were used. Analysis of data showed that instruction of spatial-temporal organization and phonemic awareness on reading and writing of students with learning disorder was effective. Also, this effect was more apparent in girls than boys. Thus, we can claim that high-quality and target-specific reading instruction programs and devising the same opportunities for learners who are learning at different levels are likely to provide the basis for progress.