Effect of external and internal focus of attention instructions in field dependence and independence on performance and learning of dart throwing

The aim of present study was to examine effect of external and internal focus of attention instructions in field dependence and independence on performance and learning of motor skill dart throwing. For this purpose, The Group Embedded Figure Test were distributed Among 112 right-handed healthy female students from Urmia University between ages 24-26 years who had no experienced in skill dart throwing. On the basis of the test results participants were assigned in to four groups homogeneously field independence with internal focus of attention instructions, field dependence with internal focus of attention instructions, field independence with external focus of attention instructions and field dependence with external focus of attention instructions were given. The participants practice dart throwing task for three sessions and each session five tries 6 each, with instructions to focus on their group practice. Immediately after the acquisition, as well as pre-test, (a group ten tries) the post-test and then with an interval of 48 hours without any instructions retention test were performed. Using two-way ANOVA showed that the main effects and interaction were not significant in post-test (P>0.05). Comparison of the mean retention groups using two-way ANOVA showed significant differences (P