Some Agronomic and Physiological Traits of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) as Affected by Biological Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers

In recent decades, using chemical fertilizers has resulted in increasing the yields of crop plants. However, it has been found that their use in the longrun has damaging effects on both environment and crop yields. Therefore, investigations of using organic fertilizers, instead of chemical fertilizers, have been emphesised. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers (Nitrokara, Nitroxin, combination of Nitrokara Nitroxin and control) and phosphate bio-fertilizers (phosphorus fertilized 2, Biophosphorus, combination of phosphorous fertilized 2 Biophosphorus and control) on agronomic and physiological traits of barley. The results of the study showed that the use of biological phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers significantly affected plant height, whole plant dry weight, number of tillers and spikelets/m2, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, number of seeds per a plant, the leaf area index and the leaf chlorophyll index. Based on these results it seems that using Nitrokara, Nitroxin and the combination of Nitrokara Nitroxin increased grain yield by 100, 86, and 110% respectively. It was also revealed that highest increase in grain yield belonged to biophosphorus as compared to other phosphorus treatments. This treatment increased the grain yield by 50 percent.