The Role of Economic and Cultural Institutions on Development and Marginalization: Human Development Index in Illegal Settlements of Ilām Province, Iran

Marginal settlement is the results of misshaped development and unstructured urbanization. The urban areas have a wide range of macro-micro communicational systems, social conflicts, and organized delinquencies. The province of Ilāmis also encounteringthe issues of marginal regions. This study evaluated the human development indexes (HDI) of rural-urban areas in three marginal regions of Ilām (Bānbōr, Bāncharmag&Kamarbandi). All the main data were collected from national census on 2012 and provincial report of 2013. An inventory was constructed and examined within 174 sampled households with the validity of α=.62 fromCronbach’s alpha. The results were stated undeveloped and unequal distribution of expense-income and indexes regarding HDI especially in rural settlements. These results were accompanied by theoretical frame (Giddens, Simmel& Merton) of the study. Migration in these regions was from cultural-social repulsion of rural regions and wasnt economical repellents of it and nor economical attraction of urban. Additionally, it was structured in kinship. The literacy of parents was positive and main affect especially on female literacy. The study indicated a comprehensive link between important institute of culture and the two concepts of development and marginalization, additionally the effectiveness of the economic institute has been challenged.