Application of Health Belief Model to Predict Factors of Nicotine Dependece among Water Pipe Smoking Women in 2015

Water pipe smoking was associated with diseases including non-communicable and chronic diseases in women. Since water pipe smoking is influenced by belief and personal factors, the present study aimed to determine constructs of the Health Belief model to predict nicotine dependence among women water pipe smokers.
In this cross sectional study, 302 water pipe smoker women were studied using convenience sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire with 3 sections including demographic questions, questions on Health Belief Model constructs and Questions related to nicotine dependency. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.
The mean age of participants was 43.6±12.26 years. The majority of participants was native (%80.1), married (%73.8), and education of under diploma (%44.22) with family history of water pipe smoking (%75.5). The results showed that perceived benefits (p=0.027, r=-0.146), perceived barriers (p=0.009, r=0.171) and self-efficacy (p=0.004, r=-0.186) significantly associated with nicotine dependence. Based on multiple linear regression model, perceived barriers (p=0.019, B= 0.303), self- efficacy (p=0.013, B=-0.095) and education level (p=0.001) were predictors of nicotine dependency in women (R2=%14).
The results suggested that perceived barriers and self-efficacy are predictors of nicotine dependence. Therefore, reducing barriers and strengthening self- efficacy with emphasis on "saying No" skill, reinforcing confidence and self-esteem are important in planning of educational content.