Evaluation of mineral nitrogen distribution in the soil profile and its effect on increasing nitrogen use efficiency in wheat

The role of nitrogen in plant nutrition has been studied more than any other elements. The amount of this factor in the young and growing sections is higher than the old sections of the plant textile. In particular, the amount of nitrogen in leaves and seeds are abundant and besides this, it is an important component of every living cell.Wheat with scientific name of (Triticum aestivum .), is one of the oldest and the most widely used cultivated plants in the world The role of nitrogen in increasing of the wheat yield quantity and quality is very important and the plant demand to this key element of growth must be considered more than before.Nitrogen is absorbed by plants in two forms: Ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3-). It may be defined the leaching process as the moving of dissolved nitrogen in a certain volume of soil, leaving the root zone into the depth. The Nitrogen use efficiency (NUF) and Nitrogen Apparent Recovery Factor (NARF) in Iran is low compound with another country. To measure the NUE & NARF and depth of Nitrogen leaching this experiment was conductedMore over In this study, 7treatments N1= (no Nitrogen), N2 (N=90kg/ha urea), N3(N=120kg/ha urea), N4(N=150kg/ha urea)N5(N=90kg/ha SCU), N6(N=120kg/ha SCU), N7(N=150kg/ha SCU)and 3 replicationswere conducted in a randomized complete block design. Harvesting was done at 6 square meters of floorthe total yield, grain yield and grain protein concentration NUE, NARF and depth of Nitrate Nitrogen leaching was measured. a week after planting, the tillering, anthesis and maturity periods, also in different treatments, sampling was performed from various depths of soil such as 0 to 20, 20 to 40 and 40 to 60 cm and the nitrate nitrogen was measured. The result showed that the higher grain yield 5076 kg/ha was related to N3 treatment. The higher protein concentration 13.59% was related to N6 treatment. The higher NUE 8.66 kg/ha and higher NARF 39.82% was related to N3 and N4respectively.The most accumulation of nitrate was observed in 20-40 cm depth. The result is related to the first year experiment and by getting the second year result the judgment about the result will be better.