A Study on the Scientific Norms and Theoretical Explanation of Deviation from the Norms

The institution of science like other institutions involves social values, social norms, and social roles. The normative structure of science causes occurrence or identifying scientific deviations. This paper plans to study the norms of science and explain the deviation from them. This is a library and documentary research. The present study shows that the four norms including universalism, communality, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism that function together comprise the ethos in scientific fields. Moreover, this study shows that different perspectives make mention of the engagement of deranged individuals in scientific activities, the failure of personal and social controls, a disconnection between scientific community’s goals and the legitimate means to achieve them, and the industrialization of science by industry and academic laboratories, as the most important factors that cause deviancy from the norms of science.