Principles and techniques of Tumor surgery in medicine of Islamic era (From the third century to twelfth A.H)

Among the multiple branches of the medicine of Islamic era, surgical knowledge, has not been reviewed Accurate and comprehensive. The importance of this research is an effort to provide a clear picture of the most important achievements in the field of this science, in the Islamic period. For this purpose, It should be drawn and fixed the general framework of this knowledge from the beginning of writing the independent Books in medicine in Islamic era which was drawn from third century to the beginning of modern medicine, the twelfth century AD. So this framework, is studied independently in both permanent principles and techniques of surgeons.
The method of research is qualitative with analysis the main text of surgery in the Islamic period. Accordingly, the works of this period, It was checked the reliable and available references, such as Al-Hawi fi Tibb-Razi, qanon Ibn Sina, AL-TASRIF Zahravi to less famous books, such as Fosul Qadiri. At the same time, In terms of time as well, the starting point OF study was a book of Ferdus alhikmeh and end point of study, book was khazaen al-moluk. Then these datas have been analyzed the views of the people in the field of surgery of tumor. Eventually has been tried with Inductive method to be determined the principles and proven techniques in this field.
The findings show that there has been some accepted and proven principles and techniques at this juncture from the east to the west in the Muslim world. The first principle, have been diagnosis Proper place of tumor, according to the location and content. Other principle has been determine the exact location of Surgery, precaution, stop the bleeding and suturing techniques tumor was the other principle of surgery. Surgical techniques of tumor include three general methods which have been split and cut. Techniques of Split include vertical slot (top-down), width gap, gap without lifting, Split with cauterize technique, Crescent and cross technique. Cutting also had been by removing the skin and techniques of cut off tonsils and tumor from throat. Also in some limited cases, for the treatment cauterize is used. One of the main principles of a surgeon in Islamic period has been specialized knowledge with a variety of necessary surgical tools. Specialized tools in this type of surgery include: Cicatrix; hook types; scalpel; Scissors; exam bars and Pliers.
Much of the principles and techniques of surgery of tumor, provided in the medical reference from third to six century AH And from the seventh to the thirteenth century enter the modern medicine to the world of Islam. Almost all the major sources, are repeated comments from earlier source, without critical review and provide any innovation and basically there has not been attempt to push the boundaries of knowledge. So it has been written a Brief descriptions of reference works such as the qanon Ibn Sina. Perhaps the main factor is the overall weakness of Islamic civilization and the subsequent, decline of the educational system of medicine is based on empirical observation, on the other hand, Lack of technology and prevented Microscopic growth this knowledge and build new tools.