The impact of climate parameters on the temperature distribution in urban areas using a remote sensing techniques (Case Study: City of Mashhad)

Land surface temperature (LST) is a significant parameter to determine ground energy and meteorological and environmental studies. However, rapid population growth, urban development, environmental pollution, climatic change, the phenomenon of temperature inversion on the one hand and environmental activities such as landscaping are other factors that affect the quality of the human environment. Air temperature and surface temperature of the earth are indicators that their importance is growing. The study area includes the city of Mashhad that has been done by utilizing the techniques of remote sensing, GIS and programming capabilities of MATLAB. With respect to the fact that the weather stations measure temperature data for only certain points, using earth surface temperature has been determined using Landsat 7 satellite images. The results showed that the relationship between LST and the Vegetation Fraction in most areas with a high temperature (about 36 to 43 degrees) or heat islands is based on open spaces within the urban fringe, and a major cause of developing these islands is movement of air currents from the cold regions to the warm ones. Also, the relationship between Surface Urban LST, specially industrial zones and urban traffic routes have been examined and climatic parameters, especially cold winds in south west of studied area cause low temperatures result in these areas. Finally, there is a strong correlation between vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature.